Inoculum monitoring, fruit susceptibility to infection and fungicide efficacy for citrus black spot control during fruit development in sweet orange orchards

Abstract

Effect of inoculation time and Phyllosticta citricarpa spore concentration on the expression of CBS symptoms on fruit.

Survey of Phyllosticta citricarpa mating type in the São Paulo citrus belt and optimization of in vitro ascospore production

“…These temperatures are within the range required for CBS occurrence in countries from the southern hemisphere where CBS occurs (Yonow et al, 2013). In the SP citrus belt, P. citricarpa ascospores are produced in large quantities during summer and spring, mainly after rainfall events (Reis et al, 2006), a period in which temperatures are higher (average ranging from 23 to 26°C) when compared to autumn and winter, which show an average temperature less than 23°C (Fialho, 2021).…”

“…In the SP citrus belt, P . citricarpa ascospores are produced in large quantities during summer and spring, mainly after rainfall events (Reis et al., 2006), a period in which temperatures are higher (average ranging from 23 to 26°C) when compared to autumn and winter, which show an average temperature less than 23°C (Fialho, 2021). In South Africa, temperatures from 13.4 to 37.2°C were regarded as minimum and maximum temperatures, respectively, in which P .…”