Innovative Zinc Anodes: Advancing Metallurgy Methods to Battery Applications

Abstract

Aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) are emerging as a powerful contender in the realm of large‐scale intermittent energy storage systems, presenting a compelling alternative to existing ion battery technologies. They harness the benefits of metal zinc's high safety, natural abundance, and favorable electrochemical potential (−0.762 V vs Standard hydrogen electrode, SHE), alongside an impressive theoretical capacity (820 mAh g−1 and 5655 mAh cm−3). However, the electrochemical performance of ZMBs is impeded by several challenges, including poor compatibility with high‐loading cathodes and persistent side reactions. These issues are intricately linked to the inherent physicochemical properties of the zinc metal anodes (ZMAs). Here, this review delves into the traditional methods of ZMAs production, encompassing extraction, electrodeposition, and rolling processes. The discussion then progresses to an exploration of cutting‐edge methodologies designed to enhance the electrochemical performance of ZMAs. These methods are categorized into alloying, pre‐treatment of substrate, advanced electrodeposition techniques, and the development of composite anodes utilizing zinc powder. The review offers a comparative analysis of the merits and drawbacks of various optimization strategies, highlighting the beneficial outcomes achieved. It aspires to inspire novel concepts for the advancement and innovation of next‐generation zinc‐based energy storage solutions.