Innovative Ultra-low NOx Controlled Auto-Ignition Combustion Process for Gasoline Engines: the 4-SPACE Project

Lavy, Jacques; Dabadie, Jean-Charles; Angelberger, Christian; Duret, Pierre; Willand, Jürgen; Juretzka, Andreas; Schäflein, Jochen; Ma, Tom; Lendresse, Yvane; Satre, Arnaud; Schulz, Christof; Krämer, Heinz; Zhao, Hua; Damiano, Len

doi:10.4271/2000-01-1837

Cited by 154 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The proposal for using negative valve overlap (NVO) to reach HCCI combustion in an SI engine environment was first published by Willand et al in 1998 [1]. The first presented results of NVO HCCI combustion by Lavy et al [2] followed in 2000. Cycle to cycle mode switches from SI to HCCI and vice versa has been demonstrated on multi cylinder engines [3] showing the possibility of such a concept.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Swirl on Spark Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI)

Persson¹,

Johansson²,

Remon³

2007

SAE Technical Paper Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Auto ignition with SI compression ratio can be achieved by retaining hot residuals, replacing some of the fresh charge. In this experimental work it is achieved by running with a negative valve overlap (NVO) trapping hot residuals. The experimental engine is equipped with a pneumatic valve train making it possible to change valve lift, phasing and duration, as well as running with valve deactivation. This makes it possible to start in SI mode, and then by increasing the NVO, thus raising the initial charge temperature it is possible to investigate the intermediate domain between SI and HCCI. The engine is then running in spark assisted HCCI mode, or spark assisted compression ignition (SACI) mode that is an acronym that describes the combustion on the borderline between SI and HCCI.In this study the effect of changing the in-cylinder flow pattern by increased swirl is studied. This is achieved by deactivating one of the two intake valves. The effect of the increased turbulence is studied both on the initial slow heat release originating from the spark plug and on the following HCCI combustion.The early SI flame development is highly dependent on the flow field so by increasing the turbulence the flame expansion speed is affected, also at high residual rates. Also, HCCI combustion rate has been shown to slow down as turbulence is increased. As high reaction rate is an issue for HCCI combustion this means that it could be possible to reduce the reaction rate and simultaneously increase the possible usage of SACI combustion by increasing the turbulence.Synchronized simultaneous pressure and high speed chemiluminescence measurements are conducted making it possible to reproduce fully resolved cycles from the onset of the spark throughout the entire combustion event. From the chemiluminescence images it is possible to calculate a flame expansion speed. The effect on combustion in terms of auto ignition timing, combustion duration and the amount of heat released in the different combustion modes is investigated using heat release analysis. LDV measurements are conducted to support the turbulence effects on SACI combustion.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Swirl on Spark Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI)

Persson¹,

Johansson²,

Remon³

2007

SAE Technical Paper Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3. The engine speed was varied from 800 rpm to 3000 rpm, and the load was varied from the minimum to the maximum by adjusting the boost pressure [3]. In the case of the 2-stroke poppet valve CAI operation , the engine output is determined by the scavenging ratio of the fresh air to the total in-cylinder charge.…”

Section: Operating Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many approaches have been attempted to achieve CAI operation on the 4-stroke spark ignition engines, such as intake air heating, high compress ion ratio, dual fuel, recycling the exhaust gas, and so on [2]. Amongst these approaches , internally recycling the exhaust gas, such as residual gas trapping [3][4][5][6] and exhaust gas rebreathing [7], have been proved most effective in achieving CAI combustion and demonstrated their potential to be incorporated in the production gasoline engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CAI Combustion of Gasoline and its Mixture with Ethanol in a 2-Stroke Poppet Valve DI Gasoline Engine

Zhang

Zhao

Ojapah

et al. 2012

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

h i g h l i g h t sCAI combustion is achieved in a 2-stroke poppet valve GDI engine. Gasoline and its mixture with ethanol are used as the fuel on the engine. The effect of ethanol content on operating range, combustion and emissions are analysed. a b s t r a c t Controlled Auto Ignition (CAI), also known as Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI), is one of the most promising combustion technologies to reduce the fuel consumpt ion and NOx emissions . Currently, CAI combustion is constrained at part load operation conditions becau se of misfire at low load and knocking combustion at high load, and the lack of effective means to control the combustion process. Extending its ope rating range including high load boundary towards full load and low load boun dary towards idle in order to allow the CAI engine to meet the demand of whole vehicle driving cycles, has become one of the key issues facing the industrialisation of CAI/HCCI technology. Furthermore, this combustion mode should be compatible to different fuels, and can switch back to conventional spark ignition operation when necessary. In this paper, the CAI operation is demonstrated on a 2-stroke gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine equipped with a poppet valve train. The results shown that the CAI combustion can be readily achieved in the 2-stroke cycle of a poppet valve engine and the range of CAI combustion can be significantly extended compared to the 4-stroke cycle operation . In addition, the effect s of ethanol concentration on 2-stroke CAI operational range, combustion proce ss, emissions and efficiencies are studied and presented. a r t i c l e i n f o

show abstract

“…Christensen, Hultqvist, and Johansson (1999) experimented with various fuels, different compression ratios and intake charge temperatures. Lavy et al (2000) presented results about the first 4-stroke engine that was able to achieve CAI over a limited load and speed range by means of exhaust gas trapping using bespoke camshafts for negative valve overlapping. Law et al (2000) and Milovanovic et al (2005) demonstrated the use of a fully variable valve train (FVVT) in a single cylinder research engine for CAI combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%