Innovative testing in reproductive toxicology—The ChemScreen experience

Animal use for science in Europe

“…Similar concepts have been embraced by other major US regulatory/research authorities that then formed the Tox21 consortium (http://tox21.org (Knudsen et al, 2013)) to join forces along these new technologies. The NRC report also sparked large European research initiatives, such as the SEURAT-1 consortium (Gocht et al, 2015) or the ESNATS (Zimmer et al, 2014;Kuegler et al, 2010;Bolt, 2013;Krug et al, 2013) and ChemScreen projects (Krug et al, 2013;Bolt, 2013;Rovida et al, 2014;Piersma, 2015;van der Burg et al, 2015;Wedebye et al, 2015). In the years to follow, also other areas, such as countermeasures to chemical and biological warfare (Hartung and Zurlo, 2012) have chosen similar new strategies to suggest animal-free research strategies.…”

Grouping of histone deacetylase inhibitors and other toxicants disturbing neural crest migration by transcriptional profiling

“…On this basis relevant assays could be combined into to a more efficient test battery (Piersma, 2014;Piersma et al, 2013;Zimmer et al, 2014).…”