“…In contrast to these internal challenges, the external challenges are not limited to, but include, the attitude of the students, their level of confidence, and cultural beliefs. The majority of studies (Wang, 2017;Pinna et al, 2019;Murillo-Zamorano et al, 2019;Fuchs, 2021) concluded that the flipped classroom has a positive effect on students' level of engagement, knowledge development, and cognitive skills. Student Response Systems (SRS), as part of TEL, aim to enhance students' active participation in a flipped classroom (Abeysekera & Dawson, 2014).…”