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As well complexity increases, re-entry and intervention operations are becoming increasingly ambitious in both their objectives and their risk profile. At the same time, intervention and service tool operating parameters downhole are traditionally controlled by making surface adjustments based on surface readings of hook load, rpm, torque, etc. A system has been developed that measures all the physical parameters downhole at the intervention tool itself, and transmits them to surface for rig site and remote viewing, enabling real time control of intervention operations. The new system has been used with fishing tools, sidetracking systems, and a variety of different service tools. The system captures and computes all the service tool operating parameters downhole, then uses a measurement-while-drilling (MWD) tool to send selected and critical parametric information to surface. Furthermore, bi-directional capability allows parameter formats to be updated throughout the job. A great deal of learning has been acquired from operating the new system, mostly in the form of parameter detection, quantification, and job management; such as: detecting delicate and ultra-light events; quantifying actual torque and drag; managing helical lock-up, untoward vibration events, and exit window trajectory and quality. In conclusion, a significant number of runs have shown that surface and remote viewing of actual operating parameters in real time has enabled improvements in operational efficiency by improved decision-making that led to reduced job times. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate this learning through multiple case histories. A new system provides the ability to view actual downhole parameters of fishing tools, service tools, exit tools, etc. in real time, and remotely, during re-entry and intervention operations. The system is shown to have a significant impact in removing uncertainty and driving improvements in operational efficiency. Introduction A significant portion of unplanned nonproductive time (NPT) costs are incurred during wellbore intervention operations, casing exits, fishing, milling and de-completions operations. Improving operational efficiency by avoidance of unnecessary, unproductive trips in the well during wellbore interventions leads to immediate cost savings. Reserves are often stranded in deep, complex reservoirs and due to economic or environmental constraints sometimes have to be connected from a single drill site, resulting in wellbore construction methods such as extended reach drilling (ERD) and multi laterals. The drilling industry has developed sophisticated and reliable downhole technologies to operate in extremely hostile physical environments and drill these complex three-dimensional well profiles. Wellbore intervention operations in these same complex well profiles present significant challenges as well, including manipulating mechanical service tools, often at great depth. During interventions, however, sophisticated drilling systems are missing and the tool operator is solely relying on surface measurements such as RPM, hook weight and rotary torque. Traditional surface based indicators and gauges often do not reflect what forces are actually being exerted at and around the downhole tools.
As well complexity increases, re-entry and intervention operations are becoming increasingly ambitious in both their objectives and their risk profile. At the same time, intervention and service tool operating parameters downhole are traditionally controlled by making surface adjustments based on surface readings of hook load, rpm, torque, etc. A system has been developed that measures all the physical parameters downhole at the intervention tool itself, and transmits them to surface for rig site and remote viewing, enabling real time control of intervention operations. The new system has been used with fishing tools, sidetracking systems, and a variety of different service tools. The system captures and computes all the service tool operating parameters downhole, then uses a measurement-while-drilling (MWD) tool to send selected and critical parametric information to surface. Furthermore, bi-directional capability allows parameter formats to be updated throughout the job. A great deal of learning has been acquired from operating the new system, mostly in the form of parameter detection, quantification, and job management; such as: detecting delicate and ultra-light events; quantifying actual torque and drag; managing helical lock-up, untoward vibration events, and exit window trajectory and quality. In conclusion, a significant number of runs have shown that surface and remote viewing of actual operating parameters in real time has enabled improvements in operational efficiency by improved decision-making that led to reduced job times. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate this learning through multiple case histories. A new system provides the ability to view actual downhole parameters of fishing tools, service tools, exit tools, etc. in real time, and remotely, during re-entry and intervention operations. The system is shown to have a significant impact in removing uncertainty and driving improvements in operational efficiency. Introduction A significant portion of unplanned nonproductive time (NPT) costs are incurred during wellbore intervention operations, casing exits, fishing, milling and de-completions operations. Improving operational efficiency by avoidance of unnecessary, unproductive trips in the well during wellbore interventions leads to immediate cost savings. Reserves are often stranded in deep, complex reservoirs and due to economic or environmental constraints sometimes have to be connected from a single drill site, resulting in wellbore construction methods such as extended reach drilling (ERD) and multi laterals. The drilling industry has developed sophisticated and reliable downhole technologies to operate in extremely hostile physical environments and drill these complex three-dimensional well profiles. Wellbore intervention operations in these same complex well profiles present significant challenges as well, including manipulating mechanical service tools, often at great depth. During interventions, however, sophisticated drilling systems are missing and the tool operator is solely relying on surface measurements such as RPM, hook weight and rotary torque. Traditional surface based indicators and gauges often do not reflect what forces are actually being exerted at and around the downhole tools.
Today's reserves are often stranded in deep, complex reservoirs and, due to economic or environmental constraints, sometimes have to be connected from a single drill site, resulting in wellbore construction methods such as extended-reach drilling (ERD) and multilaterals. Casing exits often play a crucial part in these types of wellbore construction methods. Milling a long window with low dogleg severity is the key to success since every subsequent run into the wellbore - rotary steerable system, liner and completion systems - will have to pass through the window unobstructed. The successful execution of a casing exit based on surface parameters alone becomes more and more challenging as depth and deviation of the application increases. A system has been developed that measures all the physical parameters downhole at the window-milling assembly itself, and transmits them to surface for rig-site and remote viewing, enabling real-time control of casing exit operations. The system captures and processes all the milling parameters downhole and then uses measurement-while-drilling mud pulse telemetry or stiff-line / wired pipe to send selected and critical information to surface. The window-milling process can be enhanced by monitoring dynamic behavior such as mill vibration, weight on bit and bending moment to make real-time decisions and reduce risk and nonproductive time (NPT). This paper describes the downhole performance sub technology and closed-loop control system, and demonstrates by a number of case histories the risk-reduction value of monitoring the downhole parameters in real time. The case histories presented includeboth drillpipe-deployed as well as coiled-tubing-deployed casing exit systems. Introduction Most casing exit systems in the marketplace today are capable of and expected to deliver a one-trip high-quality window; however, as well complexity and depth of the application increases, the operations are becoming increasingly ambitious in both their objectives and risk profile. The casing exit is a critical success factor for any re-entry operation; as this provides the only entrance into the sidetrack for all future operations, therefore it is essential that a window of the correct size and length is created in the desired orientation in one trip.
Operators need a more reliable and efficient method of performing whipstock casing exits, especially in the high cost areas and deepwater environments. Milling through casing collars significantly increases operations time and poses risks for downhole tool failures. In scenarios where casing tallies are inaccurate or missing, wireline Casing Collar Locator (CCL) services are normally utilized to identify casing collar locations to mitigate risks. However, significant rig time is associated with the deployment of wireline service.A new technology was recently developed to detect and visualize the casing collars in real-time while running in hole on drill pipe with the milling and whipstock assembly. The new capability is developed with the same downhole tool that provides real-time downhole data, such as torque, weight-on-mill, Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) and downhole dynamics diagnosis, to optimize the milling of the casing window. In combination with the company's Measurement While Drilling (MWD) directional measurements, the technology allows placement of whipstock in an optimal location, orientation of the whipstock and optimized casing window milling in a single run. This new service significantly improves the reliability and efficiency of the casing exit operations, and save the operators substantial rig time, especially in scenarios where a wireline CCL service is otherwise required.The technology was successfully field tested offshore Norway at the Grane field with a major Norwegian operator. Results from the two field tests from two different sizes of casing exit operations, 18 5/8Љ and 13 3/8Љ, are included in this paper. Casing collars were successfully detected and visualized in real-time and enabled optimal placement of the whipstock. Casing windows were subsequently milled efficiently.
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