Innovative Solution or Cause for Concern? The Use of Continuous Glucose Monitors in People Not Living with Diabetes: A Narrative Review.

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder that poses a significant public health challenge. Prioritising its prevention is essential for enhancing health at both individual and community levels. With the burgeoning interest in wearable health technologies and individualised nutrition, continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMs) have expanded their scope, transitioning from exclusive use in diabetes management to lifestyle enhancement for individuals without diabetes (PNLD). While CGMs primarily target glycaemic stabilization, their potential role in mitigating noncommunicable conditions, including T2DM, warrants exploration. This review examines the regulation of CGMs and critically assesses the purported benefits of CGMs for PNLD, as presented in the 'health and wellness' sector: (1) early dysglycaemia detection through glucose variability observation; (2) refining glycaemic control by tailoring nutrition according to postprandial glucose response; and (3) promoting and fine-tuning physical activity based on instantaneous data feedback. The current literature inadequately supports the clinical relevance and lasting impact of these interventions. Moreover, a glaring paucity of research exists on the potential negative consequences of CGM usage, such as obsessive symptom tracking and potential onset of disordered eating behaviours, like orthorexia. This highlights a pressing need to refine CGM regulation in the UK, especially concerning its 'off-label use'. Addressing these research gaps and regulatory issues may enhance the role of CGMs in T2DM prevention strategies and non-communicable diseases among PNLD, ensuring a more unified and effective approach. Current evidence suggests caution in endorsing CGMs as a holistic instrument for T2DM prevention through lifestyle refinement is warranted.