Abstract:Energy demands have been increasing worldwide, endangering the future supply–demand energy balance. To provide a sustainable solution for future generations and to comply with the international goal to achieve Carbon Neutrality by 2050, renewable energies have been at the top of the international discussions, actively contributing to the energy transition and climatic policies. To achieve the international goal, Angola proposed a long-term strategy that promotes a fair and sustainable development of the nation… Show more
“…Innovative solutions for solar power plants require both automation and digitalization (Kangas et al 2021;Borowski 2021;Constantino et al 2022;. The authors pointed out that the use of digital technologies such as sensors, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, artificial intelligence (AI) and data analytics can provide accurate measurement and real-time analysis of the efficiency of solar power plants, allowing plant operators to quickly respond to changes in energy production, to maximize its use and to ensure optimal functioning.…”
The development of solar generation is an integral part of evaluating renewable "green" energy in accordance with the concept of sustainable development. This study focuses on the specifics of the implementation of solar energy in the context of the USA, the EU and China, taken as an object in connection with the specifics of the geographical-territorial and climatic-natural situation. The originality of the research lies in the approach of modelling the implementation of solar power generation with consideration to the main economic, technological, and resource factors. This study 158 aims to assess trends in the development and implementation of regional solar power generation. Solar energy development is performed exclusively at the expense of private investment and state support is minimal. Therefore, the power of installed solar power plants relative to the amount of invested investments shows a high correlation. From the perspective of economic activity, solar energy in the analyzed regions is used by households in small amounts. The highest use of solar energy by households is in the USA, where this indicator is 8.3%, and the lowest is in China (0.13%). The analysis indicates that currently, solar energy is not a priority for developing the energy sector but is only a supplement. Further solar energy development is possible owing to technological innovations that will increase the efficiency of solar radiation use. The analysis also revealed the conclusion that the most powerful use of solar energy appears in China, with a figure of 19.6%, while the US has only 4.04% and the EU has almost 9%. According to the criterion of economic and technological influence on solar energy development, China occupies a leading position (9.89%), whereas the EU has only 0.03%. Thus, solar energy is currently not an attractive area for business and needs to prioritize the development of the EU economy, which is confirmed by insignificant investment flows compared to China and the USA.
“…Innovative solutions for solar power plants require both automation and digitalization (Kangas et al 2021;Borowski 2021;Constantino et al 2022;. The authors pointed out that the use of digital technologies such as sensors, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, artificial intelligence (AI) and data analytics can provide accurate measurement and real-time analysis of the efficiency of solar power plants, allowing plant operators to quickly respond to changes in energy production, to maximize its use and to ensure optimal functioning.…”
The development of solar generation is an integral part of evaluating renewable "green" energy in accordance with the concept of sustainable development. This study focuses on the specifics of the implementation of solar energy in the context of the USA, the EU and China, taken as an object in connection with the specifics of the geographical-territorial and climatic-natural situation. The originality of the research lies in the approach of modelling the implementation of solar power generation with consideration to the main economic, technological, and resource factors. This study 158 aims to assess trends in the development and implementation of regional solar power generation. Solar energy development is performed exclusively at the expense of private investment and state support is minimal. Therefore, the power of installed solar power plants relative to the amount of invested investments shows a high correlation. From the perspective of economic activity, solar energy in the analyzed regions is used by households in small amounts. The highest use of solar energy by households is in the USA, where this indicator is 8.3%, and the lowest is in China (0.13%). The analysis indicates that currently, solar energy is not a priority for developing the energy sector but is only a supplement. Further solar energy development is possible owing to technological innovations that will increase the efficiency of solar radiation use. The analysis also revealed the conclusion that the most powerful use of solar energy appears in China, with a figure of 19.6%, while the US has only 4.04% and the EU has almost 9%. According to the criterion of economic and technological influence on solar energy development, China occupies a leading position (9.89%), whereas the EU has only 0.03%. Thus, solar energy is currently not an attractive area for business and needs to prioritize the development of the EU economy, which is confirmed by insignificant investment flows compared to China and the USA.
Water covers 70% of the planet Earth. Of the total volume of water on the planet, 2/3 (two-thirds) is in the form of ice or underground water. On the other hand, fresh water is an increasingly scarce resource in the world, with only 3% of the world's water being drinkable. Data from the United Nations (UN), indicate that approximately 1.1 billion inhabitants on planet Earth do not have access to fresh water. The same data also reveal that 2.7 billion inhabitants suffer from water scarcity for approximately one month a year. According to these data, water scarcity currently affects more than 40% of the world's population. This condition has driven the proposition of technological solutions to minimize the impact of difficulties in accessing this good [1].
Allied to all these aspects, in recent decades, industrial development and the growth of the world population have demanded a greater need for fresh water. At the same time, pollution and the reduction of surface water sources limit access to available freshwater resources [2].
Thus, there is a need for alternative water sources, leading to a focus on using previously technologies, with an emphasis on saltwater desalination. Many areas affected by freshwater scarcity are close to the sea, favoring implementing these technologies.
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