Innovative Routes for Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) Valorization

Masindi, Vhahangwele; Tekere, Memory

doi:10.1002/9781119620204.ch7

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…where Q e represents the number of ions adsorbed at equilibrium (mg/g), C i represents the initial metal ions concentration (mg/L), C e represents the equilibrium metal ions concentration (mg/L), V represents the volume of the aqueous phase (L), m represents the amount of SAC material used (g), and C t represents the metal ions concentration at time t (mg/L). Using NaOH and/or HCl solutions, the pH was changed to the appropriate value [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. For adsorption kinetics, a 200 mL (5 mg/L) mixture of the test solution and SAC (20 mg) was continuously agitated in a shaker at 25 • C for 2 h. After 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, and 120 min, separate standard samples were obtained.…”

Section: Batch Adsorption Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, wastewater is a concern to the health and environment of living organisms, including humans by imposing risk to human health and restricting access to clean water [5,6]. The most common and significant contaminants include organic matter, nutrients, pathogens, heavy metals, toxic chemicals, suspended solids, pH, oil and grease, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Remediation of Municipal Wastewater Using Activated Carbon Produced from Sewage Sludge

Mudzanani,

Iyuke,

Daramola

2023

Fermentation

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This study evaluates the potential to synthesize an adsorbent for wastewater remediation applications from an anaerobic digestion by-product synthesized using biomaterials and a less energy-intensive process. The synthesized sludge-based granular activated carbon (GAC) was used to adsorb Cr(VI) and Cd(II) in a batch reactor stirred for 24 h at 25 °C. The surface chemistry of the material was assessed porosity with BET, SEM for morphology, EDS-XRF for elemental analysis, and functional groups on these materials using FTIR and TGA for thermal profile. SBET of the SAC was discovered to be 481.370 m2/g with a VT of 0.337 cm3/g, respectively 9.02 and 2.23 times greater than raw sludge. The modification to SAC shows a dramatic increase in performance from 40% to 98.9% equilibrium adsorption rate. The maximum or equilibrium removal (99.99%) of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) was achieved by 0.8 and 1.4 g SAC dosage, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that activation of sewage sludge was effective in enhancing the surface area and pore volume which made it suitable for AMD remediation application.

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Section: Batch Adsorption Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Remediation of Municipal Wastewater Using Activated Carbon Produced from Sewage Sludge

Mudzanani,

Iyuke,

Daramola

2023

Fermentation

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“…This type of pigment, obtained by leaching pyrite, has already been tested in the pigmentation of ceramic materials, showing promising results [6]. Another possible application is the use of this pigment in decorative mortars, which may represent a viable alternative to expand the range of applications for this material and, consequently, offer a solution to the environmental problem caused by acid mine drainage [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Decorative Mortars with Pigments from Acid Mine Drainage: Analysis of Physical and Mechanical Properties

Lermen,

Orlando,

Silva

2023

Mining

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The construction industry is recognized for its high consumption of natural resources, resulting in significant environmental impacts. Given this reality, it is essential to seek new methods and solutions that minimize the impact of this activity on the environment. An innovative approach consists of using pigments derived from acid mine drainage (AMD) as a sustainable alternative in the production of mortar for decorative façade cladding. In this context, the main objective of this paper was to evaluate the physical/mechanical properties of decorative mortars developed by partially replacing natural sand with pigment from acid mine drainage. Initially, the pigment (yellow) was produced, characterized, and compared with a commercial pigment. Sequentially, decorative mortars were developed with different pigment concentrations (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). The mortars were subjected to compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, shrinkage, loss of mass, and colorimetry tests. The results showed that compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, weight loss, and dimensional variation were significantly affected by the partial addition of pigment to replace natural aggregate. In other words, there was a decrease in strength and an increase in mass loss and expansion of the mortars. However, the main factor influencing these variables was the greater amount of water added in the higher substitution cases. The addition of water was necessary to keep the consistency constant. A possible solution to maintain the same amount of water and avoid negative effects on the mortar properties would be to use additives in the mortar formulation in future work. Therefore, this research contributes to the search for more sustainable solutions in civil construction, exploring the use of pigments from AMD as a viable alternative to reduce the environmental impacts associated with this industry.

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“…Alkali neutralization of AMD is one of the most widely used remediation process [24], with lime being usually the most cost effective reagent. In the lime neutralization process, the AMD is neutralized with quicklime or hydrated lime while being aerated, precipitating all metals from the water [24][25][26]. A comprehensive review on AMD treatment technologies has been provided by Skousen et al [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The notion of the circular economy, as related to sustainable development, has gained traction in various sectors of society such as in governments, businesses, NGOs, and academia [28][29][30], while the concept still has some ambiguity in practice [28], it has recently been associated with the recovery of metals from AMD sources. In this conceptualization, AMD is seen as a resource rather than as a waste stream [26,31,32]. The high concentration of iron and aluminum initially attracted investigation into the recovery of those metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fundamental Economic Assessment of Recovering Rare Earth Elements and Critical Minerals from Acid Mine Drainage Using a Network Sourcing Strategy

et al. 2021

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In recent years, acid mine drainage (AMD) has emerged as a promising unconventional source of rare earth elements (REEs) and other critical minerals (CMs) such as cobalt and manganese. In this regard, AMD provides a natural heap leaching effect that extracts and concentrates REE/CM from the host strata creating a partially enriched feedstock suitable for downstream extraction, separation, and recovery. While several prior studies have described processes and approaches for the valorization of AMD, very few have described the supply chain and infrastructure requirements as well as the associated economic assessment. To that end, this paper provides a fundamental economic assessment of REE/CM recovery from AMD using a network sourcing strategy in addition to a robust, flexible feedstock separations and refining facility. The methodology of this paper follows that of a typical techno-economic analysis with capital and operating costs estimated using AACE Class IV (FEL-2) guidelines. To demonstrate the range of possible outcomes, four pricing scenarios were modeled including contemporary prices (September, 2021) as well as the minimum and maximum prices over the last decade. In addition, five production scenarios were considered reflecting variations in the product suite, ranging from full elemental separation to magnet REE and CM production only (i.e., Pr, Nd, Tb, Dy, Y, Sc, Co, and Mn). The results of this analysis show that, with the exception of the minimum price scenario, all operational configurations have positive economic indicators with rates of return varying from 25% to 32% for the contemporary price scenario. The optimal configuration was determined to be production of Co, Mn, and all REEs except for mischmetal, which is not recovered. Sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation show that capital cost and HCl consumption are the two major factors influencing rate of return, thus indicating opportunities for future technology development and cost optimization. Implications of the study and a cooperative profit-sharing model for sourcing are also described.

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Innovative Routes for Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) Valorization

Cited by 10 publications

References 149 publications

Assessment of Remediation of Municipal Wastewater Using Activated Carbon Produced from Sewage Sludge

Assessment of Remediation of Municipal Wastewater Using Activated Carbon Produced from Sewage Sludge

Development of Decorative Mortars with Pigments from Acid Mine Drainage: Analysis of Physical and Mechanical Properties

A Fundamental Economic Assessment of Recovering Rare Earth Elements and Critical Minerals from Acid Mine Drainage Using a Network Sourcing Strategy

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