“…The rating of colourfastness reveals that using the selected chemical and bio-mordants, light fastness has been improved, and washing and crocking have been enhanced from poor to good. Here, not only have the natures of the fabric, dyes, and metal used played their role in creating coordinate covalent bonds to form a complex, but also conjugation in bio-mordant molecules, flavonoid O.H., and amido linkage via additional H bonding have developed new colourfast gamutes [39][40][41][42][43]. The proposed bio-mordant and dye metal dye interaction have been shown in Figure 4a,b.…”
Green products such as plant pigments are gaining fame globally due to their excellent ayurvedic and biological characteristics. In this study, microwave (M.W.) has been employed to isolate colourant from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), and bio-mordants have been included to obtain colourfast shades. Central Composite design (CCD) was formulated under response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize dyeing variables statistically. The results obtained after a series of experiments show that using 35 mL of irradiated acidic extract (RE = 6 min.) of (pH4) in the presence of 1 g/100 mL of table salt as an exhausting agent at 65 °C for 55 min has demonstrated excellent colour depth (K/S) onto microwave-treated silk fabric (RS = 6 min). By applying bio-mordants, it has been found that walnut extract (1.5%), pinenut hull extract (1%), and orange peel extract (1.5%) are there before dyeing. In contrast, walnut extract (1.5%), pinenut hull extract (1.5%), and orange peel extracts (1.5%) after dyeing have shown colourfast shades of high strength. Comparatively, salts of Al+3 (1.5%), salts of Fe+2 (1.5%), and T.A. (tannic acid = 1.5%) before dyeing, while salts of Al+3 (0.5%) and salts of Fe+2 (2%) and T.A. (Tannic acid = 1%) after dyeing, have given good results. It has been observed that the use of M.W. radiation has not only improved the yield of dyes extracted from leaves when applied to silk fabric but also the inclusion of the optimum amount of bio and chemical mordants have resulted in moderate to good and excellent colour fastness ratings.
“…The rating of colourfastness reveals that using the selected chemical and bio-mordants, light fastness has been improved, and washing and crocking have been enhanced from poor to good. Here, not only have the natures of the fabric, dyes, and metal used played their role in creating coordinate covalent bonds to form a complex, but also conjugation in bio-mordant molecules, flavonoid O.H., and amido linkage via additional H bonding have developed new colourfast gamutes [39][40][41][42][43]. The proposed bio-mordant and dye metal dye interaction have been shown in Figure 4a,b.…”
Green products such as plant pigments are gaining fame globally due to their excellent ayurvedic and biological characteristics. In this study, microwave (M.W.) has been employed to isolate colourant from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), and bio-mordants have been included to obtain colourfast shades. Central Composite design (CCD) was formulated under response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize dyeing variables statistically. The results obtained after a series of experiments show that using 35 mL of irradiated acidic extract (RE = 6 min.) of (pH4) in the presence of 1 g/100 mL of table salt as an exhausting agent at 65 °C for 55 min has demonstrated excellent colour depth (K/S) onto microwave-treated silk fabric (RS = 6 min). By applying bio-mordants, it has been found that walnut extract (1.5%), pinenut hull extract (1%), and orange peel extract (1.5%) are there before dyeing. In contrast, walnut extract (1.5%), pinenut hull extract (1.5%), and orange peel extracts (1.5%) after dyeing have shown colourfast shades of high strength. Comparatively, salts of Al+3 (1.5%), salts of Fe+2 (1.5%), and T.A. (tannic acid = 1.5%) before dyeing, while salts of Al+3 (0.5%) and salts of Fe+2 (2%) and T.A. (Tannic acid = 1%) after dyeing, have given good results. It has been observed that the use of M.W. radiation has not only improved the yield of dyes extracted from leaves when applied to silk fabric but also the inclusion of the optimum amount of bio and chemical mordants have resulted in moderate to good and excellent colour fastness ratings.
“…Clean water is our basic right; however, we are polluting it due to fast fashion that is petroleum-based nature’s wrath is reflected in drought, flood, and acid rain. Hence, implementing alternative recyclable materials such as plant-based metal mordants and additives, natural colourants from hops flowers, and violet herbs (Thakker & Sun, Developing sustainable fabrics with plant-based formulations, 2022 ) (Thakker, Alka; Sun, Danmei;, Innovative Plant-Based Mordants and Colourants for Application on Cotton Fabric, 2021 ), adopting Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals (Stichting ZDHC Foundation 2022 ), and installing an efficient wastewater recycling plant at textile wet processing and colouration units as noted at Banswara Syntex Limited (India) (Banswara Syntex Limited 2016 ), Yunus Textile Mills Limited (Pakistan) (Yunus 2022 ), and others. The SDG Goal 6—Clean water and sanitation is given in Fig.…”
In this paper, each of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is discussed in the context of textiles and fashion. The necessity of collaborative efforts is accentuated to overcome the climate crisis and human health concerns encountered by the textiles and fashion industry. The concerns over poverty faced by cotton farmers, soil depletion, and toxicity to aquatic life due to microfibres and heavy metals are presented. The paper underlines numerous corrective practises such as the utilisation of African Organic Cotton, Better Initiative Cotton, and others that could enable curtailing poverty and hunger. The requirement for a more corporate and socially responsible textiles and fashion business that would propel SDGs is described with inspiring examples of Inditex, Culthread, Saint Basics, Flamingo’s Life, etcetera. More, the greenwashing and ardent necessity of transparency across the fashion value chain is emphasised herein. The importance of reducing inequalities and working in partnership for innovation and justice is highlighted such as apple leather, algal foam, and others. Even more, the production waste and landfill disputes are reviewed. Eventually, the paper concludes with an appeal for mindful and diligent efforts from textiles and fashion consumers, designers, manufacturers, and traders to continually adapt to SDGs even after 2030 as there is no planet B. Also, abiding by the laws of nature as listed herein is found to be the key to reaching SDGs.
Due to the increasing pressure on environmentally friendly approaches and sustainable production processes, the textile dyeing industry has focused on natural colorants. Thus, the use of bio-mordants, which are biological materials, has become widespread as an alternative to metal salts, most of which are non-ecological, used in the application processes of natural colorants. In natural dyeing, dyers want to use mordant substances in the dyeing processes in order to both expand the color spectrum and improve the fastness properties. Conventional metal salts used in natural dyeing are made up of metallic ions, which, when released into the environment as wastewater effluent at the end of the dyeing process, cause major damage to the ecosystem. Many researchers have thought about using mordants derived from natural sources to address the environmental problem. This article is a review of the investigation of natural mordants used instead of metallic mordants in the process of coloring various textile materials with natural dyestuff sources. It has been determined that many substances, most of them herbal materials, are used as mordants. In this review, mordants, except for conventional metal salts, are examined under three main groups for a better understanding. These groups are as follows: (i) natural or bio-mordants, (ii) oil mordants, and (iii) new-generation and non-vegetable-based mordants. Here, researchers will find an overview of the most recent developments in green mordants as well as application techniques for a variety of mordants.
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