Innovative model-based flow rate optimization for vanadium redox flow batteries

König, S.; Suriyah, Michael; Leibfried, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.09.147

Cited by 78 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A few dynamic lumped models have been proposed in the literature to address this issue. [186][187][188][189] Nevertheless, given the need to represent the uid dynamics within the ow eld channels and the porous media, higher order models are needed to capture these phenomena. Ke et al established a twodimensional (2D) macroscopic mathematical model to simulate the dynamic ow patterns in RFBs represented by a single passage of a serpentine ow channel over a porous electrode as shown in Fig.…”

Section: General Mathematical Modelling Of Porous Electrodes and Theimentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of redox flow battery electrode processes at a range of length scales: a review

Chakrabarti

Kalamaras

Singh

et al. 2020

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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Section: General Mathematical Modelling Of Porous Electrodes and Theimentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of redox flow battery electrode processes at a range of length scales: a review

Chakrabarti

Kalamaras

Singh

et al. 2020

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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“…Rated power of the flywheel is 60 kW and the nominal capacity is 3.6 kWh [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. In order to obtain a battery voltage above 70 V, three battery stacks containing 30 cells each are connected in series.…”

Section: Information On the Storages Within The Hybrid Storage Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Active magnetic bearings are used for both axial and radial support to ensure low-loss bearing of the flywheel at high angular velocities. Rated power of the flywheel is 60 kW and the nominal capacity is 3.6 kWh [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Information On the Storages Within The Hybrid Storage Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of a Hybrid Energy Storage System for a Hybrid Compensation System

et al. 2019

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The combination of two or more different energy storage technologies in a hybrid energy storage system appears to be advantageous if the combination of technologies fulfils the storage purpose better than a single storage technology. Herein, requirements regarding the performance of the storage system are determined for a hybrid compensation system for provision of system services in medium-voltage grids. In hybrid storage systems, a common control system ensures that the present storage technologies are utilized in such a way that total storage efficiency is highest and that usability of the application is maximized. The control system of a hybrid storage system consisting of a redox flow battery and high-speed flywheel storage is introduced and evaluated.

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“…According to a previous study, there are macro, micro, and molecular approaches (eg, the Molecular Dynamics method) for modelling VRFB. Most of these theoretic battery models, of which some have been evaluated in the lab, aim to improve the battery efficiency or to increase its capacity. In contrast to these models, the aim of the presented BSS models is to analyse the battery operation at the PCR market and its application as CES as realistically as possible over a longer period of time (months).…”

Section: Battery Storage System Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical and economic comparison of grid supportive vanadium redox flow batteries for primary control reserve and community electricity storage in Germany

et al. 2018

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Summary Primary control reserve and maximising self‐consumption are currently two of the main applications for large‐scale battery storage systems. Although being currently the most profitable application for large‐scale batteries in Germany, storage systems applying primary control reserve have not been implemented in a grid supportive manner in distribution grids yet. Despite a current unfavourable regulatory framework and reimbursement scheme for community electricity storages in Germany, they are potentially more profitable than residential storages, which is mainly due to their economy of scale, and thus they may become the major large scale battery application in the future. The two applications: primary control reserve and maximising self‐consumption, are combined with a grid supportive behaviour by providing reactive power control and/or peak shaving and are fitted to a vanadium redox flow battery prototype, which is installed in a distribution grid in southern Germany. Based on measured data from the prototype, two battery models for two different time resolutions (1s, 1min) are presented in detail along with their respective operation models. The operation strategy model for primary control reserve comprises the so‐called degrees of freedom used to reduce the energy needed to recharge the battery. The operation strategy to maximise self‐consumption is based on a persistence forecast. The model for the operation strategy for a grid supportive primary control reserve was validated in a field test revealing a relative error of 2.5 % between the simulated and measured state of charge of the battery for a multi‐week time period. The technical assessment of both applications shows that the use of the degrees of freedom can reduce the energy to recharge the battery by 20 %; and in the case of self‐consumption, the curtailment losses can be kept under 1 %. The economic assessment, however, indicates that even for the most promising primary control reserve case, the investment costs of vanadium redox flow batteries must be reduced by at least 30 % in order to break even. Finally, the encouraging key finding is that the negative impact of a grid supportive behaviour, additionally to its primary purpose, is less than 1 % of the revenues. This may encourage distribution grid and battery operators to consider the integration of large scale batteries in distribution grids as part of the solution of a rising share of a decentralised renewable energy generation.

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Innovative model-based flow rate optimization for vanadium redox flow batteries

Cited by 78 publications

References 27 publications

Modelling of redox flow battery electrode processes at a range of length scales: a review

Modelling of redox flow battery electrode processes at a range of length scales: a review

Control of a Hybrid Energy Storage System for a Hybrid Compensation System

Technical and economic comparison of grid supportive vanadium redox flow batteries for primary control reserve and community electricity storage in Germany

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