“…Considering the density and the diversity of stakeholders, cities are seen as knowledge hubs (OECD 2011) offering an inventive-enabling environment that attracts talents, entrepreneurs, and capital (Edvardsson et al, 2016;Goffe, 2016;Yigitcanlar et al, 2015;Penco et al, 2020). However, not all cities have transformed into innovative milieus, creative spaces, and innovation ecosystems (Oksanen and Hautamäki, 2014;Romano et al, 2014;Ölschläger, 2012). Scholars register the uneven distribution of intellectual capital within and between regions (Ilic et al, 2016;Krušinskas and Bruneckienė, 2015;Maltseva et al, 2019).…”