Innovative Methodologies for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage against Biodeterioration: A Review

Abstract

The use of traditional biocidal products in cultural heritage has suffered a slowdown due to the risks related to human health and the environment. Thus, many studies have been carried out with the aim of testing innovative and environmentally friendly alternatives. In this framework, this review attempts to provide an overview of some novel potential products with biocidal action, tested to counteract the process of degradation of paper and stone materials due to microbial activity, keeping in mind the sustainability criteria. In particular, we have focused our attention on the testing of nanotechnologies, essential oils, DES (deep eutectic solvents) with low toxicity, and colloidal substances for conservation purposes.

Systematic testing, verification and validation of laser treatments for unglazed earthenware affected by lichens and fungi biodeterioration

“…Various techniques have been developed and experimented to mitigate such bio-induced damages and maintain the structural and aesthetic integrity of artefacts for as long as possible [8,9]. The techniques available include chemical methods, namely traditional biocides, solvent gels and nanoparticles [9,10]; physical methods, such as mechanical removal, UV irradiation [11], LED illumination systems with various emissions [12], gamma radiation, laser cleaning, heat shocking, microwaves [13,14], and dry ice treatment; and biological methods, such as natural molecules (e.g. essential oils) with biocidal activity [15], enzymes, and microorganisms.…”