“…away from fundamental frequency). The metamaterial structures geometries like cross-like beam (Ravanbod and Ebrahimi-Nejad, 2023) and circular (Eghbali et al, 2020) showed an increase in bandwidth as compared with linear models.…”
Biomedical implantable devices like deep brain stimulators, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac pacemakers are essential for treating the human heart and brain-related diseases. In the past few decades, a considerable amount of research has focused on improving bio-implant technologies. Conventional bio implant devices consist of an external generator like a battery to power the system, which requires replacement after a particular time. Therefore, in recent years, self-powered implants with various energy harvesting techniques have been proposed to avoid frequent surgery for battery replacement and to miniaturise the implant systems. However, the research communities have yet to explore all the limitations and possibilities of improvement on such energy-scavenging technologies, especially when the application is in vivo. Several aspects of recent developments in energy harvesting technologies feasible for biomedical implantable devices are reported systematically. A detailed review of piezoelectric energy harvester mechanism and miniaturisation, electric output and power management and biocompatibility of an energy harvester for implantable medical devices in vitro and in vivo environments. Furthermore, the piezoelectric energy harvester’s durability, packaging material, connection and evaluation criteria are discussed.
“…away from fundamental frequency). The metamaterial structures geometries like cross-like beam (Ravanbod and Ebrahimi-Nejad, 2023) and circular (Eghbali et al, 2020) showed an increase in bandwidth as compared with linear models.…”
Biomedical implantable devices like deep brain stimulators, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac pacemakers are essential for treating the human heart and brain-related diseases. In the past few decades, a considerable amount of research has focused on improving bio-implant technologies. Conventional bio implant devices consist of an external generator like a battery to power the system, which requires replacement after a particular time. Therefore, in recent years, self-powered implants with various energy harvesting techniques have been proposed to avoid frequent surgery for battery replacement and to miniaturise the implant systems. However, the research communities have yet to explore all the limitations and possibilities of improvement on such energy-scavenging technologies, especially when the application is in vivo. Several aspects of recent developments in energy harvesting technologies feasible for biomedical implantable devices are reported systematically. A detailed review of piezoelectric energy harvester mechanism and miniaturisation, electric output and power management and biocompatibility of an energy harvester for implantable medical devices in vitro and in vivo environments. Furthermore, the piezoelectric energy harvester’s durability, packaging material, connection and evaluation criteria are discussed.
“…Hence, for a reasonable NVH level at lower frequencies, heavy and bulky additions are often required. There are also several avant-garde techniques, including utilizing porous liners [36], perforations [37], and auxetic structures [38], which have been mostly employed in the automotive industries to control NVH issues. Auxetic materials have an abnormal property called negative Poisson's ratio (NPR), allowing them to expand laterally under an axial tensile force.…”
High efficiency and torque density in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have contributed to their increasing popularity. Nonetheless, these advantages are compromised by higher vibration levels resulting from the torque ripple issue and magnetic flux density in the stator, causing magnetic forces on the stator surface. In this study, a new smart shape for the stator winding is proposed which reduces unwanted torque vibration and the overall magnetic flux density while keeping the same motor efficiency. The proposed windings shape is designed based on the auxetic principle and a locally resonant mechanism (LRM). Afterward, the proposed and original PMSM models are compared by looking at the average torque, total losses, torque ripple, flux density, output power, and motor efficiency under different speed operating conditions. In addition, the sensitivity analyses of the proposed model reveal the influence of auxetic structural parameters and initial mechanical angle on the system’s performance, which can be utilized to control the physical and mechanical properties of the system. According to the results, the designed model reduces torque ripple and magnetic flux density in the stator region by 41.38% and 4.70%, respectively, while the motor efficiency remains unaffected. The present work offers a potentially robust and affordable solution for regulating the vibration behavior of electric motors without impacting power efficiency.
“…The metamaterial plates with adjustable band gaps by adjusting the stiffness ratio [19], monostable acoustic metamaterial absorber [20], etc. While, the bandwidths of LR band gaps are typically narrower compared to those of Bragg gaps, this may pose some limitations in practical engineering applications [21,22].…”
This paper proposes a novel bow-spring local resonance (LR) structure featuring an exceptionally wide low-frequency stopband. Unlike traditional methods reliant on heavy mass or stiffness adjustments, this structure effectively manipulates and amplifies the dynamic characteristics of negative stiffness solely by designing parameter values for the bow-spring set. Through finite element method (FEM) analysis, an ultra-wide stopband ranging from 91 to 570 Hz is achieved within the LR structure. Further modification of the connection pattern with a perforated plate extends the upper edge to 686 Hz while reducing the lower edge to 76 Hz. Most notably, within the novel bow-spring LR structure, a stopband width of 610 Hz is attained, resulting in a gap-mid gap ratio of 160.1%. The numerical and experimental results demonstrate good agreement. These findings offer a new perspective and guidelines for developing LR structures with ultra-wide low-frequency stopbands, potentially finding applications in the field of low-frequency vibration and noise reduction.
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