Innovative Approaches to Detecting Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Abstract

Neurodevelopmental disorders encompass a diverse set of conditions marked by disturbances in brain function and development. These disorders, such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Intellectual Disabilities, become apparent early in childhood and significantly impact daily functioning and well-being. As the prevalence of these conditions continues to rise, there is an urgent need for effective early detection methods. Innovations in biomarkers, machine learning, and neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, and magnetic resonance imaging, provide essential information about the underlying biological mechanisms associated with these disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of neurodevelopmental disorders and their impact on specific cognitive brain regions. It explores emerging detection methods, including biomarkers, machine learning, and advanced neuroimaging, and their clinical applications in assessing and diagnosing these conditions. The utilization of genetic markers, specific biochemical indicators, and sophisticated algorithms holds great promise in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and personalizing treatment strategies. Early detection is paramount for improving intervention outcomes and tailoring treatment approaches, promising a more comprehensive understanding and improved outcomes for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders in the future.