Innovative Approaches in Pericardiocentesis Training: A Comparative Study of 3D-Printed Mannequins and Virtual Reality Simulations

Abstract

Background The CoBaTrICE program (Competency Based Training Program in Intensive Care Medicine) has been instrumental in standardizing intensive care training across Europe. Among the various procedures taught, pericardiocentesis is notably challenging due to its high-risk nature. This study aims to compare the efficacy and stress levels induced by two simulation models for pericardiocentesis training: a traditional 3D-printed mannequin and a virtual reality (VR) model. Methods A pilot, before and after study was conducted with last-year medical students. Participants were trained using both a 3D-printed mannequin and a VR model. Learning outcomes were assessed using a questionnaire modeled after the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Stress levels were measured through Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis, supplemented by the Biosignal plux system for real-time biometric data collection. Results Thirty-six students participated, with no significant differences in learning outcomes between the two models, except in parameters requiring fine motor skills. Stress levels, as measured by HRV, showed no statistically significant differences between the two simulations models. Conclusion The study suggests that VR model is as effective as 3D printed for pericardiocentesis training. Take Home Message The study demonstrates that virtual reality (VR) and traditional 3D-printed mannequins are equally effective for training medical students in pericardiocentesis, with no significant difference in learning outcomes or induced stress levels. This suggests that VR could be a viable, resource-efficient alternative in intensive care medicine training, particularly for high-risk procedures. Tweet Study finds VR as effective as 3D mannequins for pericardiocentesis training in med students, offering equal learning and stress levels. #MedEd #VRinMedicine