2021
DOI: 10.3386/w29173
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Innovation: Market Failures and Public Policies

Abstract: This is an invited chapter for the forthcoming Volume 4 of the Handbook of Industrial Organization. We summarize the state of the literature on the economics of innovation and highlight open policy questions. We first articulate the key market failures in markets for innovation, and then discuss how both scientific norms and market-oriented policies help overcome those market failures. We close by discussing recent work on the diffusion of inventions as well as on the links between innovation and inequality.

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Cited by 7 publications
(5 citation statements)
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References 344 publications
(458 reference statements)
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“…The policy response to these market failures has been a combination of tax incentives, grants, and favorable finance (Bryan and Williams 2021). The recent mechanism design literature has proposed a set of optimal policies that tailor the size of subsidy and the cost of finance depending on the size of spillovers and externalities and the extent of moral hazard or adverse selection (Lach, Neeman, and Schankerman 2021).…”
Section: Identify Market Failuresmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The policy response to these market failures has been a combination of tax incentives, grants, and favorable finance (Bryan and Williams 2021). The recent mechanism design literature has proposed a set of optimal policies that tailor the size of subsidy and the cost of finance depending on the size of spillovers and externalities and the extent of moral hazard or adverse selection (Lach, Neeman, and Schankerman 2021).…”
Section: Identify Market Failuresmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We consider two important reasons for this phenomenon: one is that the research topic of innovation convergence has significant economic properties; the other is that the methods used to analyze the problem of innovation convergence have only become more diverse in recent years. As we discussed in the Introduction section, the innovation factor (or technological factor) plays a crucial role in various economic growth theories (Bryan and Williams, 2021). Under this consensus, although economists have shifted their attention from the issue of economic growth convergence to innovation convergence, they are still essentially considering the important impact of innovation convergence on economic growth convergence.…”
Section: Mainstream Journal Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The basic condition for achieving economic convergence between different economies under the framework of the neoclassical economic growth theory is the convergence of technological innovation levels; otherwise, the economic growth of different economies will only reach their respective steady-state levels (Jungmittag, 2006). In fact, both the neoclassical economic growth theory, the endogenous economic growth theory and the Neo-Schumpeterian theory all emphasize the irreplaceable importance of innovation in economic growth and believe that economic growth is a function of innovation (Bryan and Williams, 2021). In the endogenous growth theory, technological progress is endogenous and is the decisive factor of economic growth (Romer, 1986(Romer, , 1990.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…First, recent surveys on the economics of innovation and innovation policies largely ignore the role of public procurement. Bloom et al (2019) and Bryan and Williams (2021) discuss evidence on instruments such as tax incentives, intellectual property rights, competition and labor market policies, and research grants. However, they only consider (in a tangential manner) procurement programs that are similar to grants (such as the US Small Business Innovation Research Program).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%