“…Researches carried out in recent years have sought to enrich the literature on innovation in the European Union (Kuhlmann, 2001; Crescenzi et al , 2007; Rodríguez-Pose and Crescenzi, 2008; Sofka and Grimpe, 2010; Karaman and Lahiri, 2014; Rõigas et al , 2018; Teplykh, 2018; Capello and Lenzi, 2019; Krammer and Jiménez, 2020). In Portugal, some researchers have studied this topic with approaches focused on investments in innovation (Gibson and Naquin, 2011; Santos, 2019), the relationship among government, companies and universities (Marques et al , 2006), regional development (Vaz et al , 2014), incubator innovation (Cravo and Marques, 2019), intellectual capital and product innovation (Costa et al , 2017; Pereira and Leitão, 2016), innovation resilience in times of crisis (Pinto et al , 2019) and open innovation and sustainability (Fernandes and Castela, 2019).…”