Innovation and imitation: Adoption of cocoa by Indonesian smallholders

Pomp, Marc; Burger, Kees

doi:10.1016/0305-750x(94)00134-k

Cited by 58 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Among other things, we learned that actual and prospective silviculture users are varied in knowledge, capacities and interests, and each of these can change over time (c.f., Johnson, 1972). How knowledge about novel practices is spread (e.g., technical outreach, inter-user knowledge sharing, imitation) was found to influence whether and what users know (Ryan and Gross, 1943;Boyd and Richerson, 1993;Pomp and Burger, 1995;Vayda et al, 2004). Even if prospective users know what to do and want to adopt, they may face constraints, which dissuade them from doing so or prevent them from doing so successfully.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints and opportunities for better silvicultural practice in tropical forestry: an interdisciplinary approach

Walters

Sabogal²,

Snook

et al. 2005

Forest Ecology and Management

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints and opportunities for better silvicultural practice in tropical forestry: an interdisciplinary approach

Walters

Sabogal²,

Snook

et al. 2005

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…For example, Pomp and Burger (1995) find that the majority of Indonesian cocoa farmers they surveyed do not have a good idea of the price or yield of cocoa prior to their first planting. In this case farmers appear to be planting cocoa for a variety of reasons.…”

Section: Economic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological, economic and social perspectives on cocoa production worldwide

2007

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Cocoa is a crop grown largely by smallholder farmers in the lowland tropics, including parts of Latin America, West Africa, and Indonesia. Research suggests that it has the potential to provide biodiversity benefits when grown under certain shade conditions, especially when compared with alternative land uses. The primary literature on cocoa production reveals a range of objectives for improvement of cocoa production on small farms. These objectives are sometimes in direct opposition to each other, for example, increasing productivity through shade removal and chemical inputs, and the desire to increase biodiversity benefits. These opposing goals demonstrate some real trade-offs faced by cocoa producers. We summarize the current literature, drawing attention to some of these trade-offs and highlighting important ecological, economic, and social considerations. In considering strategies for ameliorating these negative tradeoffs, we make two primary policy recommendations. First, we suggest that outreach focusing on farm diversification may be the most effective way of optimizing ecological, economic, and social outcomes. Farm diversification may provide an effective means of achieving improved farmer security and dissuade farmers from abandoning or planting cocoa according to price fluctuations, thus reducing the use of new forest areas in cocoa production. Secondly, we suggest greater focus on determining effective economic incentives for maintaining shade in cocoa production. For example, price premiums associated high quality shade-grown cocoa may increase economic benefits while simultaneously providing incentives to farmers to maintain shade in production. Lastly, we identify some important areas of research for further informing policy in this arena.

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“…Foster & Rosenzweig, 1995;Pomp & Burger, 1995). However, more recent adoption studies stress that farmers do not learn from all farmers in the village.…”

Section: Hybrid Wheat Impact and The Adoption Decisionmentioning

confidence: 99%