Innervation Pattern of Different Cartilaginous Tissues in the Rat

Schwab, W.; Funk, Richard

doi:10.1159/000046497

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In newborn rats, substance P and CGRP immunoreactive fibers were found in the knee perichondrium in close contact with chondrocytes (Oliva et al, 2005). Another study in rats demonstrated the presence of nerve fibers in different cartilaginous tissues, predominantly immunoreactive to CGRP (Schwab and Funk, 1998). Substance P and CGRP are involved in a variety of biological processes, such as maturation (Oliva et al, 2005), maintenance (Millward-Sadler et al, 2003), or repair of articular cartilage (Schwab and Funk, 1998).Their immuno-expression may also indicate the presence of sensory nerve fibers, which contribute to pain sensations (Suri et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although normal articular cartilage is not considered to be supplied with nerves, recent investigations showed nerve fibers in hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage immunoreactive for calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP) in rat pups (Schwab and Funk, 1998). Another study showed substance P and CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers in perichondrium and in cartilage canals (Oliva et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, substance P together with NK1 receptor reactivity was observed in deep lying chondrocytes of human adult articular cartilage (Millward-Sadler et al, 2003). Although the presence of CGRP and/or substance P was explained in the aforementioned studies as related to development (Oliva et al, 2005), maintenance, and remodeling of cartilage (Schwab and Funk, 1998;Millward-Sadler et al, 2003), these substances are also found in sensory neurons that play a role in pain perception (van Rossum et al, 1997;Harrison and Geppetti, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Possible nociceptive structures in the sacroiliac joint cartilage: An immunohistochemical study

et al. 2009

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The sacroiliac joint (SI joint) is a known source of low back pain. In the absence of validated physical signs and imaging studies, the diagnosis of SI joint pain can be secured by positive response to SI joint intra-articular infiltration with local anesthetics. The current anatomical and histological knowledge concerning intra-articular structures of the sacroiliac joint is insufficient to explain the efficacy of this infiltration. Consequently, this study was undertaken to detect the intra-articular presence of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) positive nerve fibers, providing indirect evidence of nociceptive innervation of the SI joint. Free-floating sections, obtained from iliac and sacral cartilage and subchondral bone of the SI joint and adjacent ligamentous tissue, of 10 human cadavers were studied immunohistochemically. Tissue of nine human cadavers showed the presence of substance P and CGRP immunoreactivity in the superficial layer of sacral and iliac cartilage, and the surrounding ligamentous structures. Subchondral bone reacted weakly to the antisera used. These findings support the view that the SI joint may be capable of intra-articular nociception and may explain the positive response to the intra-articular deposition of local anesthetic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Possible nociceptive structures in the sacroiliac joint cartilage: An immunohistochemical study

et al. 2009

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“…The candidate neuromodulator for the chondrocyte's synthetic activity is the calcitonin-gene related peptide, but confirmative studies are lacking [15,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifications of patellar articular cartilage and subchondral bone following immobilisation and denervation: a histologic and morphometric in vivo study

Denaro

Forriol

Martino

et al. 2004

J Orthopaed Traumatol

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IntroductionImmobilisation and denervation are both considered risk factors for the development of post-surgical arthrosis [1][2][3][4]. Many authors [5][6][7] reported articular cartilage reacting to loads through the production of high levels of GAG, proteoglycans and type II collagen extracellular matrix. In contrast, the synthetic process decreases in the absence of loads. As the mechanical stress oversizes the chondrocyte's synthetic production, articular cartilage loses its width and vacuolisation-fibrillation happens: then, the irreversible process of arthrosis starts [3,[8][9][10]. Subchondral bone synthetic activity has a straight relation with the load bearing on the trabecular structure [11].Abstract We studied the morphologic effect of immobilisation and denervation on articular cartilage (AC) and subchondral bone (SCB) in 20 lambs. The animals underwent medial arthrotomy at the left knee; ten of them also received an external fixation device to eliminate articularity. Ten right knees were used as controls. Histological analysis revealed an increase in area and width in the central part of AC of all the arthrotomised knees due to a proliferation of the intermediate layer; a gross reduction in SCB trophism was observed in immobilised articulations with respect to the arthrotomised ones and controls. This result was confirmed histomorphometrically: a significant increase in arthrotomised patellar AC with respect to the control group was observed in the central zone corresponding to the vertical ridge of patella; cartilage in the medial aspect presented a significant difference between operated groups in both area (p=0.026) and width (p=0.01). Values from non-immobilised animals were higher than in those from the immobilised animals. The total trabecular area was significantly lower in samples from immobilised knees than in the other groups in all sections. Comparing measures from non-immobilised animals, areas were higher in operated but nonimmobilised knees than in controls: this difference was significant only in the midddle (p=0.002) and medial parts of the SCB. In our model, AC trophism was dependent on share stress and direct loads more than on denervation. Moreover, early postsurgical remobilisation avoids AC atrophy and post-surgical osteoporosis through conservation of SCB area, encouraging systematic denervation of patella during total knee arthroplasty without patellar resurfacing.

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“…Sometimes, sensory nerve fibers are observed in contact with a subpopulation of chondrocytes located in growth cartilage and at the surface of articular cartilage [13,14]. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive fibers, which originate from the periosteum and near insertion regions of muscle and tendons, innervate up to 25 μm into the articular and meniscal cartilage tissues in rat knee joints.…”

Section: Sensory and Sympathetic Nerve Fibers In Joint Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Nerve Fibers and Their Neurotransmitters in Osteoarthritis Pathology

Grässel

Muschter

2017

IJMS

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The importance of the nociceptive nervous system for maintaining tissue homeostasis has been known for some time, and it has also been suggested that organogenesis and tissue repair are under neuronal control. Changes in peripheral joint innervation are supposed to be partly responsible for degenerative alterations in joint tissues which contribute to development of osteoarthritis. Various resident cell types of the musculoskeletal system express receptors for sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters, allowing response to peripheral neuronal stimuli. Among them are mesenchymal stem cells, synovial fibroblasts, bone cells and chondrocytes of different origin, which express distinct subtypes of adrenoceptors (AR), receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Some of these cell types synthesize and secrete neuropeptides such as SP, and they are positive for tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH), the rate limiting enzyme for biosynthesis of catecholamines. Sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters are involved in the pathology of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) which manifests mainly in the joints. In addition, they seem to play a role in pathogenesis of priori degenerative joint disorders such as osteoarthritis (OA). Altogether it is evident that sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters have crucial trophic effects which are critical for joint tissue and bone homeostasis. They modulate articular cartilage, subchondral bone and synovial tissue properties in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, in addition to their classical neurological features.

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Innervation Pattern of Different Cartilaginous Tissues in the Rat

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Possible nociceptive structures in the sacroiliac joint cartilage: An immunohistochemical study

Possible nociceptive structures in the sacroiliac joint cartilage: An immunohistochemical study

Modifications of patellar articular cartilage and subchondral bone following immobilisation and denervation: a histologic and morphometric in vivo study

Peripheral Nerve Fibers and Their Neurotransmitters in Osteoarthritis Pathology

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