Innervation of the smallest blood vessels

Nelemans, F A

doi:10.1002/aja.1000830103

Cited by 37 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Although conduction velocities as slow as those reported here have not been observed in any nerve, it may be possible to account for the rate of conduction observed in Hilton's experiments (3) and in our experiments if one takes into account the probable small size of the fibers involved and the existence of a limitation in the size of the extracellular space around the nerve fibers. There is ample evidence for the existence of fibers that are extremely small (9)(10)(11); assuming that conduction velocity varies with the square root of the fiber diameter and that the pathway for propagated vasodilation is via small fibers on the order of 0.4/i,, then the extrapolated velocity with unlimited extracellular space would be 1 cm/sec, which is one-tenth the value reported by Hilton but substantially more rapid than observed in our experiments. Caesar et al (10) have reported that the terminal autonomic fibers are frequently surrounded by lemnoblastic sheaths and it is possible that these might act as limitations to the extracellular space of the neuron.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Propagated Vasodilation in the Microcirculation of the Hamster Cheek Pouch

Duling

Berne

1970

Circulation Research

145

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Propagated vasodilation has been observed in the peripheral vasculature and may be significant in integrating the behavior of terminal arterioles and larger vessels. We have studied the characteristics of propagated vasodilation induced by acetylcholine in the microcirculation of the cheek pouch of the golden hamster. The technique of microionophoresis was used as a means of achieving relatively precise temporal and spatial application of drugs to single arterioles. Application of acetylcholine to an arteriole usually resulted in vasodilation which spread rapidly upstream and downstream from the point of application at a rate much greater than could be accounted for by diffusion or by other means of movement of the agent. Longitudinal propagation velocities for a series of arterioles 20 to 40/A in diameter averaged 0.02 cm/sec. The propagated response was relatively specific, being induced by acetylcholine but not by histamine, K + , H + , or eledoisin. The response was graded in both extent and magnitude, was propagated bidirectionally from the point of origin, was observed in vessels as small as 15fj, o.d., and could be blocked by lidocaine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Propagated Vasodilation in the Microcirculation of the Hamster Cheek Pouch

Duling

Berne

1970

Circulation Research

145

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“…Such a nerve network is generally recognized in the wall of the intestinal tract, the cells giving rise to it being called interstitial cells; but the position with regard to blood vessels is not clear. As early as 1911 Cajal produced histological evidence for the existence of such a network of fibrils in blood vessels, which has since been repeated by various histologists (Leontowitsch, 1930;Boeke, 1940;Nelemans, 1948;Meyling, 1949), though its validity has been questioned by others (e.g. Nonidez, 1936).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most recent complete description of a nerve network associated with blood vessels is that given by Nelemans (1948) in his study of the innervation of the finest vessels of the frog's tongue. After division of the hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves, the affinity of this nerve network for methylene blue was diminished, but it was otherwise normal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A peripheral arterial conducting mechanism underlying dilatation of the femoral artery and concerned in functional vasodilatation in skeletal muscle

Hilton¹

1959

The Journal of Physiology

200

105

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The concept of vasodilator metabolites diffusing through the interstitial fluid to act directly on the vessel walls has never accounted adequately for the vasodilatation observed in a contracting muscle; for this dilatation is not confined to the capillaries and arterioles, but extends to the small intramuscular arteries and even to the larger arteries outside the muscle. In previous experiments, in which the vasodilatation was registered by the increase in venous outflow from the muscle, the post-contraction hyperaemia was thought to be produced in the main by an axon reflex in vasodilator nerve fibres, for it was grossly impaired by local anaesthetics, botulinum toxin or large, 'paralysing' doses of nicotine (Hilton, 1953(Hilton, , 1954. However, the nature of any nerve fibres involved remained obscure, since the post-contraction hyperaemia was not affected by chronic lumbar sympathectomy or posterior root ganglionectomy.It was shown over twenty years ago that the femoral artery itself dilates after contraction of the muscles of the lower leg, even when all the nerves to the limb are divided (Schretzenmayr, 1933;Fleisch, 1935). This reaction therefore had also been thought to be due to an axon reflex. It was abolished by local application to the artery, below the site of measurement, of phenol or cocaine, hence the responsible conducting elements appeared to run in the artery wall. Experiments now carried out on this dilator response of the femoral artery have confirmed these findings. Further, the femoral artery response has been found to be affected by drugs and surgical procedures in exactly the same way as the major part of the post-contraction hyperaemia. They both appear to be part of one and the same vascular reaction with a common conducting mechanism, and, since no known system of nerve fibres can be shown to be responsible, it is suggested that the conduction is effected by the smooth muscle of the artery wall.

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“…It follows that if a neural mechanism is still to be postulated, the fibres concerned must be independent of the somatic system and of the sympathetic neurones with cell stations in the paravertebral ganglia. The possibility remains that fibres arise from peripheral sympathetic cells which would remain functional after sympathectomy, such as those Nelemans (1948) described in the frog's tongue; but the existence of such cells is still in doubt.…”

Section: Vasomotor Conduction In Skin 13mentioning

confidence: 99%