Innervation of the carotid body: Immunohistochemical, denervation, and retrograde tracing studies

Ichikawa, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1002/jemt.10193

Cited by 63 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The presence of substance P immunoreactivity in nodose/petrosal ganglia is related to sensory afferents from ventricular myocardium [42], chemoreception [43, 44] and it is released as a cotransmitter by baroreceptor afferents into the NTS where it may promote an increase in blood pressure [45]. The present findings demonstrated an increase in substance P expression in nodose/petrosal ganglia of both strains after nicotine exposure which indicates a direct action of nicotine in these ganglia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Modulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase, Neuropeptide Y, Glutamate, and Substance P in Ganglia and Brain Areas Involved in Cardiovascular Control after Chronic Exposure to Nicotine

Ferrari

Coelho

Farizatto

et al. 2011

International Journal of Hypertension

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Considering that nicotine instantly interacts with central and peripheral nervous systems promoting cardiovascular effects after tobacco smoking, we evaluated the modulation of glutamate, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and substance P (SP) in nodose/petrosal and superior cervical ganglia, as well as TH and NPY in nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after 8 weeks of nicotine exposure. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization data demonstrated increased expression of TH in brain and ganglia related to blood pressure control, preferentially in SHR, after nicotine exposure. The alkaloid also increased NPY immunoreactivity in ganglia, NTS, and PVN of SHR, in spite of decreasing its receptor (NPY1R) binding in NTS of both strains. Nicotine increased SP and glutamate in ganglia. In summary, nicotine positively modulated the studied variables in ganglia while its central effects were mainly constrained to SHR.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Modulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase, Neuropeptide Y, Glutamate, and Substance P in Ganglia and Brain Areas Involved in Cardiovascular Control after Chronic Exposure to Nicotine

Ferrari

Coelho

Farizatto

et al. 2011

International Journal of Hypertension

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“…The observation of excitatory transmitters in sensory nerve terminals favors additional eVerent functions. In this way the sensory nerve Wbers may modulate their own activity, as suggested for the esophagus , or regulate the activity of the associated receptor cells, as suggested for the carotid body (Ichikawa 2002), after or during translation of adequate stimuli to aVerent nerve discharges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurochemical pattern of the complex innervation of neuroepithelial bodies in mouse lungs

Brouns

Öztay

Pintelon

et al. 2008

Histochem Cell Biol

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As best characterized for rats, it is clear that pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) are contacted by a plethora of nerve fiber populations, suggesting that they represent an extensive group of multifunctional intraepithelial airway receptors. Because of the importance of genetically modified mice for functional studies, and the current lack of data, the main aim of the present study was to achieve a detailed analysis of the origin and neurochemical properties of nerve terminals associated with NEBs in mouse lungs. Antibodies against known selective markers for sensory and motor nerve terminals in rat lungs were used on lungs from control and vagotomized mice of two different strains, i.e., Swiss and C57-Bl6. NEB cells were visualized by antibodies against either the general neuroendocrine marker protein gene-product 9.5 (PGP9.5) or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Thorough immunohistochemical examination of NEB cells showed that some of these NEB cells also exhibit calbindin D-28 k (CB) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) immunoreactivity (IR). Mouse pulmonary NEBs were found to receive intraepithelial nerve terminals of at least two different populations of myelinated vagal afferents: (1) Immunoreactive (ir) for vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) and CB; (2) expressing P2X(2) and P2X(3) ATP receptors. CGRP IR was seen in varicose vagal nerve fibers and in delicate non-vagal fibers, both in close proximity to NEBs. VAChT immunostaining showed very weak IR in the NEB-related intraepithelial vagal sensory nerve terminals. nNOS- or VIP-ir nerve terminals could be observed at the base of pulmonary NEBs. While a single NEB can be contacted by multiple nerve fiber populations, it was clear that none of the so far characterized nerve fiber populations contacts all pulmonary NEBs. The present study revealed that mouse lungs harbor several populations of nerve terminals that may selectively contact NEBs. Although at present the physiological significance of the innervation pattern of NEBs remains enigmatic, it is likely that NEBs are receptor-effector end-organs that may host complex and/or multiple functional properties in normal airways. The neurochemical information on the innervation of NEBs in mouse lungs gathered in the present study will be essential for the interpretation of upcoming functional data and for the study of transgenic mice.

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“…The second group contains neuropeptides, particularly substance P, tachykinin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (277, 481, 878), and also neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) (381, 720, 878, 882, 885) and choline acetyltransferase (878). Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) have also been localized to nerve terminals in the carotid body but are attributed to a sympathetic neural rather than a chemoreceptor origin (396). The chemoreceptor-related peptides are colocalized within dense-core vesicles in the nerve terminals of the small (submicron), unmyelinated fibers of the carotid sinus nerve (483).…”

Section: Innervation and Communications Of The Carotid Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Chemoreceptors: Function and Plasticity of the Carotid Body

Kumar

Prabhakar

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

455

572

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The discovery of the sensory nature of the carotid body dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. Following these seminal discoveries, research into carotid body mechanisms moved forward progressively through the 20th century, with many descriptions of the ultrastructure of the organ and stimulus-response measurements at the level of the whole organ. The later part of 20th century witnessed the first descriptions of the cellular responses and electrophysiology of isolated and cultured type I and type II cells, and there now exist a number of testable hypotheses of chemotransduction. The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of current concepts on sensory transduction and transmission of the hypoxic stimulus at the carotid body with an emphasis on integrating cellular mechanisms with the whole organ responses and highlighting the gaps or discrepancies in our knowledge. It is increasingly evident that in addition to hypoxia, the carotid body responds to a wide variety of blood-borne stimuli, including reduced glucose and immune-related cytokines and we therefore also consider the evidence for a polymodal function of the carotid body and its implications. It is clear that the sensory function of the carotid body exhibits considerable plasticity in response to the chronic perturbations in environmental O2 that is associated with many physiological and pathological conditions. The mechanisms and consequences of carotid body plasticity in health and disease are discussed in the final sections of this article.

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Innervation of the carotid body: Immunohistochemical, denervation, and retrograde tracing studies

Cited by 63 publications

References 65 publications

Modulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase, Neuropeptide Y, Glutamate, and Substance P in Ganglia and Brain Areas Involved in Cardiovascular Control after Chronic Exposure to Nicotine

Modulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase, Neuropeptide Y, Glutamate, and Substance P in Ganglia and Brain Areas Involved in Cardiovascular Control after Chronic Exposure to Nicotine

Neurochemical pattern of the complex innervation of neuroepithelial bodies in mouse lungs

Peripheral Chemoreceptors: Function and Plasticity of the Carotid Body

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