Innervation of Intracranial Arteries

Nelson, Elizabeth; Rennels, Marshall L.

doi:10.1093/brain/93.3.475

Cited by 248 publications

(84 citation statements)

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“…The morphological basis for such neuro-effector transmission has been given by the demonstration of perivascular noradrenergic nerve fibres (Nielsen and Owman, 1967;Iwayama et aI., 1970;Nelson and Rennels, 1970;Edvinsson et aI., 1972). After first incidental observations of Forbes and Cobb in 1938, pial veins were re cently demonstrated to constrict significantly more than pial arteries during cervical sympathetic stim ulation (Auer and Johansson, 1980;Auer and Jo hansson, 1981a -c ) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cat Pial Venoconstriction by Topical Microapplication of Norepinephrine

Ulrich

Auer

Kuschinsky

1982

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Pial arterial vessels show a-receptor-mediated constrictions both in vitro (Edvinsson, 1975) and in vivo when norepinephrine was applied from the perivascular side (Wahl et aI., 1972; Wahl, 1975, 1977). The morphological basis for such neuro-effector transmission has been given by the demonstration of perivascular noradrenergic nerve fibres (Nielsen and Owman, 1967; Iwayama et aI., 1970;Nelson and Rennels, 1970; Edvinsson et aI., 1972). After first incidental observations of Forbes and Cobb in 1938, pial veins were re cently demonstrated to constrict significantly more than pial arteries during cervical sympathetic stim ulation (Auer and Johansson, 1980; Auer and Jo hansson, 1981a -c ) . This pial venoconstriction during sympathetic stimulation could be due to (1) passive venous collapse as a consequence of a de creased intravascular pressure during constriction on the arterial side or (2) active contraction of pial venous smooth muscle cells induced by a release of norepinephrine from nerve fibres located around 109 the pial veins. The question of which of these mech anisms is effective can be solved by perivenous microapplication of norepinephrine. This issue may be relevant for a better understanding of the possi ble influence of the sympathoadrenergic system on the regulation of cerebral blood volume. MA TERIALS AND METHODSFive cats were anesthetized with 40 mg/kg a chloralose, tracheotomized, immobilized (gal lamine, 15 mg/kg/h, i. v .), and artificially ventilated with room air. End-tidal CO 2 concentration and arterial blood pressure were monitored. An intrave nous infusion of 2.5 mllkg/h of Tyrode's solution was given. Body temperature was kept between 37 and 38°C. An open cranial window was made parietally, the dura opened and reflected, and the pial surface protected by a layer of 1 -2 cm of paraffin oil. Using the micro application technique (Wahl et aI., 1972), 10-9-10-3 M norepinephrine hydrochloride (Arterenol®, Sigma) in artificial CSF was administered to 26 pial venous portions. The solution had the following composition: Na+, 156 mM; K+, 3 mM; Ca 2 +, 1.5 mM; HC03, 15 mM; Cl-, 147 mM; pH 7.28. To prevent autoxidation of 110 K. ULRICH ET AL.norepinephrine, all solutions were bubbled with 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 (equilibrated with water). In addi tion, each microinjection pipette was filled with the corresponding mock CSF immediately before mi croinjection. This mock CSF, 1-4 /Ll, was injected over 1 min. Photographic documentation was peJ; formed with a Wild-Heerbrugg stereozoom micro scope equipped with a photographic camera. Photographs were taken before and 20, 40, and 60 s after starting the injection of the test solution. Pre injection resting diameters of the 26 pial veins ranged between 80 and 498 /Lm (mean, 242 /Lm). Venous reactions to topical norepinephrine were calculated as a percentage of resting diameters, and they were evaluated statistically by analysis of vari ance. The mock CSF, which served as the solvent, had a mean dilating effect of 1.7 ± 2.9 (SEM) %. For the presentation of...

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confidence: 99%

Cat Pial Venoconstriction by Topical Microapplication of Norepinephrine

Ulrich

Auer

Kuschinsky

1982

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…13,36,38 Based on the frequent perivascular location of these tumors, an alternative pathogenic hypothesis includes these tumors arising from Schwann cells within the adrenergic nerve fibers of cerebral arterioles and the larger arteries within the subarachnoid space. 33,42,51 These perivascular nerve plexi are also common in the tela choroidea and could explain the predilection for the periventricular areas seen in many of these cases. 41,51 This theory may also explain the presence of these tumors near larger cerebral vessels within the sylvian fissure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[5][6][7]9,25,43,[45][46][47]50 Although schwannomas tend to occur in individuals with NF2 and schwannomatosis, studies have documented an association of intracerebral schwannomas with NF1. 8,13,16,33,35 Most reported cases have been seen in children or young adults. 1,16,21,22,24,48,50 Cases occurring in adults beyond the 3rd decade of life have been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracerebral schwannomas: a rare disease with varying natural history

Scott

Koral²,

Margraf

et al. 2013

PED

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Although intracerebral schwannomas are typically regarded as benign intracranial tumors, malignancy and recurrence have been reported among patients harboring such neoplasms. The available literature consists of case reports and small series that present variable characteristics distinguishing these unusual lesions. Little advancement has been made to further the understanding and management of these tumors. The authors present 3 cases from their institution that highlight the difference between typical benign intracerebral schwannomas and histopathological variants that may portend more aggressive behavior. Also provided is a review of the literature in the hope of gaining a better understanding of these rare tumors.

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“…The existence of adrenergic nerve terminals in the walls of the cerebral blood vessels is well known (12,13,19,20,21,22,24,25,27,31,32). However, the results of earlier studies have occasionally been in conflict as to the function of these vascular nerves (1,4,5,9,14,17,24,26,28,29,33).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Stimulation of the Superior Cervical Ganglion on Catecholamine Fluorescence of the Cerebral Arteries in Cats

Kobayashi

1977

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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Innervation of Intracranial Arteries

Cited by 248 publications

References 0 publications

Cat Pial Venoconstriction by Topical Microapplication of Norepinephrine

Cat Pial Venoconstriction by Topical Microapplication of Norepinephrine

Intracerebral schwannomas: a rare disease with varying natural history

Effect of Stimulation of the Superior Cervical Ganglion on Catecholamine Fluorescence of the Cerebral Arteries in Cats

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