Innervation of Holothurian Body Wall Muscle: Inhibitory Effects and Localization of 5-HT

Inoue, Masahide; Tamori, Masaki; Motokawa, Tatsuo

doi:10.2108/zsj.19.1217

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Most of these are antibodies against neuropeptides or other neurotransmitter systems that recognize subpopulations of neurons or nerve fibers (Cottrell and Pentreath 1970; Diaz-Miranda et al 1995; Diaz-Miranda et al 1996; Elphick et al 1995; Inoue et al 2002; Newman and Thorndyke 1994; Newman et al 1995). More recently, other markers have been obtained by our group that recognize neuronal cells and fibers of the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel markers identify nervous system components of the holothurian nervous system

2014

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Echinoderms occupy a key position in the evolution of deuterostomes. As such, the study of their nervous system can shed important information on the evolution of the vertebrate nervous system. However, the study of the echinoderm nervous system has lagged behind when compared to that of other invertebrates due to the lack of tools available. In this study, we tested three commercially available antibodies as markers of neural components in holothurians. Immunohistological experiments with antibodies made against the mammalian transcription factors Pax6 and Nurr1, and against phosphorylated histone H3 showed that these markers identified cells and fibers within the nervous system of Holothuria glaberrima. Most of the fibers recognized by these antibodies were co-labeled with the well-known neural marker, RN1. Additional experiments showed that similar immunoreactivity was found in the nervous tissue of three other holothurian species (Holothuria mexicana, Leptosynapta clarki and Sclerodactyla briareus), thus extending our findings to the three orders of Holothuroidea. Furthermore, these markers identified different subdivisions of the holothurian nervous system. Our study presents three additional markers of the holothurian nervous system, expanding the available toolkit to study the anatomy, physiology, development and evolution of the echinoderm nervous system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel markers identify nervous system components of the holothurian nervous system

2014

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“…To date, expression of catecholamines has been demonstrated in basic deuterostomes, including asteroidae (Huet and Fraquinet, 1981), brittlestars (De Bremaeker et al, 2000) and holothurian species (Inoue et al, 2002), but not in hemichordates. For instance, embryos of Lytechinus pictus express DA from the 18h post-fertilization (hpf) swimming blastula stage, as detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a dopaminergic system in sea urchin embryos and larvae

Katow

Suyemitsu

Ooka

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe mechanisms that regulate the organized swimming movements of sea urchin blastulae are largely unknown. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that dopamine (DA) and the Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus homolog of the dopamine receptor D1 (Hp-DRD1) were strongly co-localized in 1-2m diameter granules (DA/DRD1 granules). Furthermore, these granules were arranged across the entire surface of blastulae as they developed locomotory cilia before hatching, and remained evident until metamorphosis. DA/DRD1 granules were associated with the basal bodies of cilia, and were densely packed in the ciliary band by the eight-arm pluteus stage. The transcription of Hp-DRD1 was detected from the unfertilized egg stage throughout the period of larval development. Treatment with S-(-)-carbidopa, an inhibitor of aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase, for 20-24h (i) from soon after insemination until the 20h post-fertilization (20hpf) early gastrula stage and (ii) from the 24hpf prism larva stage until the 48hpf pluteus stage, inhibited the formation of DA granules and decreased the swimming activity of blastulae and larvae in a dose-dependent manner. Exogenous DA rescued these deprivations. The formation of DRD1 granules was not affected. However, in 48hpf plutei, the serotonergic nervous system (5HT-NS) developed normally. Morpholino antisense oligonucleotides directed against Hp-DRD1 inhibited the formation of DRD1 granules and the swimming of larvae, but did not disturb the formation of DA granules. Thus, the formation of DRD1 granules and DA granules occurs chronologically closely but mechanically independently and the swimming of blastulae is regulated by the dopaminergic system. In plutei, the 5HT-NS closely surrounded the ciliary bands, suggesting the functional collaboration with the dopaminergic system in larvae. Supplementary material available online at

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“…Evidence also exists for the presence of catecholaminergic cells and fibers in tissues of adult Asteroidea, Ophiuriodea, and Echinoidea (Cottrell 1967; Cobb 1969a; Cottrell and Pentreath 1970). The only study looking into the presence of catecholamines in the Holothuroidea was done in Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka, 1867) (Aspidochirotida, Stichopodidae) (Inoue et al 2002). In this study, catecholamines were only detected in the connective tissue of the dermis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The catecholaminergic nerve plexus of Holothuroidea

et al. 2010

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Catecholamines have been extensively reported to be present in most animal groups, including members of Echinodermata. In this study, we investigated the presence and distribution of catecholaminergic nerves in two members of the Holothuroidea, Holothuria glaberrima (Selenka, 1867) (Aspidochirotida, Holothuroidea) and Holothuria mexicana (Ludwig, 1875) (Aspidochirotida, Holothuroidea), by using induced fluorescence for catecholamines on tissue sections and immunohistochemistry with an antibody that recognizes tyrosine hydroxylase. The presence of a catecholaminergic nerve plexus similar in distribution and extension to those previously reported in other members of Echinodermata was observed. This plexus, composed of cells and fibers, is found in the ectoneural component of the echinoderm nervous system and is continuous with the circumoral nerve ring and the radial nerves, tentacular nerves, and esophageal plexus. In addition, fluorescent nerves in the tube feet are continuous with the catecholaminergic components of the radial nerve cords. This is the first comprehensive report on the presence and distribution of catecholamines in the nervous system of Holothuroidea. The continuity and distribution of the catecholaminergic plexus strengthen the notion that the catecholaminergic cells are interneurons, since these do not form part of the known sensory or motor circuits and the fluorescence is confined to organized nervous tissue.

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Innervation of Holothurian Body Wall Muscle: Inhibitory Effects and Localization of 5-HT

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Novel markers identify nervous system components of the holothurian nervous system

Novel markers identify nervous system components of the holothurian nervous system

Development of a dopaminergic system in sea urchin embryos and larvae

The catecholaminergic nerve plexus of Holothuroidea

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