Inner Shell of the Chestnut (Castanea crenatta) Suppresses Inflammatory Responses in Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Asthma Mouse Model

Abstract

The inner shell of the chestnut (Castanea crenata) contains various polyphenols, which exert beneficial biological effects. Hence, we assessed the anti-inflammatory efficacy of a chestnut inner shell extract (CIE) in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma. We intraperitoneally injected 20 ug of OVA with 2 mg of aluminum hydroxide on days 0 and 14. On test days 21, 22, and 23, the mice were treated with aerosolized 1% (w/v) OVA in saline. CIE was administered orally at 100 and 300 mg/kg on days 18–23. CIE significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines and cells and immunoglobulin-E increased by OVA. Anti-inflammatory efficacy was revealed by reduction of inflammatory cell migration and mucus secretion in lung tissue. Further, CIE suppressed the OVA-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation. Accordingly, the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were decreased sequentially in lung tissues. CIE alleviated OVA-induced airway inflammation by restraining phosphorylation of NF-κB and the sequentially reduced expression of iNOS, COX-2, leading to reduced MMP-9 expression. These results indicate that CIE has potential as a candidate for alleviating asthma.

Korean Red Ginseng suppresses emphysematous lesions induced by cigarette smoke condensate through inhibition of macrophage-driven apoptosis pathways

“…To obtain BALF from mice, the mice were sacrificed by carbon dioxide inhalation 24 h after the last CSC exposure. Tracheostomy and BALF sampling were performed according to previously published methods [ 19 ]. Macrophage counts in BALF were determined using Diff-Quik® staining reagent (Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan).…”

Chinese chestnut shell polyphenol extract regulates the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to alleviate high-fat diet-induced, leptin-resistant obesity in mice

“…The mice were randomly divided into six groups ( n = 8 per group): group A, control (normal diet + 0.9% saline daily via oral gavage); group B, high-fat diet (HFD; HFD + 0.9% saline daily via oral gavage) (Jiangsu Synergetic Pharmaceutical Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China); group C, HFD + orlistat (HFD + 15.6 mg orlistat per kg body weight (O159936, Aladdin, Shanghai, China)) daily via oral gavage; group D, HFD + CSP (HFD + 300 mg CSP per kg body weight daily via oral gavage); group E, HFD + AG490 (HFD + 1 mg (dissolving with 10% DMSO) AG490 per kg body weight [A126525, Aladdin] intraperitoneally every three days); and group F, HFD + AG490 + CSP (HFD + 1 mg AG490 per kg body weight intraperitoneally every three days + 300 mg CSP per kg body weight daily via oral gavage). 26 AG490 is a JAK2 protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The HFD comprised 20% proteins, 35% carbohydrates, and 45% fat.…”

Dietary Polyphenols—Natural Bioactive Compounds with Potential for Preventing and Treating Some Allergic Conditions

“…For example, dietary supplementation of BerriQi ® Boysenberry and apple juice concentrate, containing high amounts of anthocyanins, ellagitannins, and chlorogenic acids, in OVA-challenged asthmatic mice can suppress immune cell infiltration in the lung, tissue damage, and mucus production as a result of regulation of innate immune pathways [295]. Similarly, the chestnut inner shell extract, as a rich source of gallic acid (a phenolic acid) and ellagic acid (a tannin), was found to present the anti-asthmatic efficacy inhibiting the inflammatory response induced by OVA challenge and relieving asthma symptoms, such as airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus overproduction in the asthma mice model [296]. Therapeutic properties of magnolol, an active polyphenol extracted from Magnolia officinalis, which is traditionally used in Chinese medicine for the treatment of asthma and cough, were also confirmed in studies on OVA-induced asthmatic mice models that showed significant suppression of allergen-induced airway hyperactivity and inflammation along with reduction in lung tissue eosinophil infiltration, mucus overproduction, and collagen deposition [297,298].…”