Innate immunity and inflammation

Xiao, Tsan Sam

doi:10.1038/cmi.2016.45

Cited by 99 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…While innate immunity is the first line of self-defense against infectious agents, it is also accompanied by inflammatory reaction (77). Thus, its inadequate regulation gives rise to inflammatory tissue damage.…”

Section: Aetiological Significance Of Innate Immune Response In Kdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiological Significance of Infectious Stimuli in Kawasaki Disease

2019

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Kawasaki disease (KD) is a pediatric vasculitis syndrome that is often involves coronary artery lesions (e. g., coronary artery aneurysms). Although its causal factors and entire pathogenesis remain elusive, the available evidence indicates that the pathogenesis of KD is closely associated with dysregulation of immune responses to various viruses or microbes. In this short review, we address several essential aspects of the etiology of KD with respect to the immune response to infectious stimuli: 1) the role of viral infections, 2) the role of bacterial infections and the superantigen hypothesis, 3) involvement of innate immune response including pathogens/microbe-associated molecular patterns and complement pathways, and 4) the influence of genetic background on the response to infectious stimuli. Based on the clinical and experimental evidence, we discuss the possibility that a wide range of microbes and viruses could cause KD through common and distinct immune processes.

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Section: Aetiological Significance Of Innate Immune Response In Kdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiological Significance of Infectious Stimuli in Kawasaki Disease

2019

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“…8,9 Inflammation is an integral part of the innate immune response required for maintaining a functional and physical barrier against microorganisms. 10 However, overactive inflammatory responses are often harmful to the organism. It is difficult to regenerate bone following bone loss owing to inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptide Combined with BMP2-Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Calvarial Repair in an Osteolytic Model

et al. 2018

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Repair and regeneration of inflammation-induced bone loss remains a clinical challenge. LL37, an antimicrobial peptide, plays critical roles in cell migration, cytokine production, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Migration of stem cells to the affected site and promotion of vascularization are essential for tissue engineering therapy, including bone regeneration. However, it is largely unknown whether LL37 affects mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) behavior and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-mediated bone repair during the bone pathologic remodeling process. By performing in vitro and in vivo studies with MSCs and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse calvarial osteolytic bone defect model, we found that LL37 significantly promotes cell differentiation, migration, and proliferation in both unmodified MSCs and BMP2 gene-modified MSCs. Additionally, LL37 inhibited LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bacterial activity in vitro. Furthermore, the combination of LL37 and BMP2 markedly promoted MSC-mediated angiogenesis and bone repair and regeneration in LPS-induced osteolytic defects in mouse calvaria. These findings demonstrate for the first time that LL37 can be a potential candidate drug for promoting osteogenesis and for inhibiting bacterial growth and osteoclastogenesis, and that the combination of BMP2 and LL37 is ideal for MSC-mediated bone regeneration, especially for inflammation-induced bone loss.

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“…In general, the inflammatory response may be beneficial for the host as an acute and transient mechanism to mediate clearance of inciting agents in the GIT. Alternatively, the failure to control inflammation could inflict chronic and severe tissue damage (Xiao, 2017;Ptaschinski and Lukacs, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Proteomic View of the Cross-Talk Between Early Intestinal Microbiota and Poultry Immune System

et al. 2020

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Proteomics has been used to investigate cross-talk between the intestinal microbiome and host biological processes. In this study, an in ovo technique and a proteomics approach was used to address how early bacterial colonization in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) could modulate inflammatory and immune responses in young broilers. Embryos at 18 embryogenic days were inoculated with saline (S), 10 2 CFU of Citrobacter freundii (CF), Citrobacter species (C2), or lactic acid bacteria mixture (L) into the amnion. At 10 days posthatch, ileum samples from 12 birds per treatment were selected for tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Our further findings indicated that treatment-specific influences on early GIT microbiota resulted in different immune responses in mature broilers. Predicted functional analyses revealed activation of inflammation pathways in broilers treated in ovo with L and CF. Exposure to L enhanced functional annotation related to activation, trafficking of immune cells, and skeletal growth based-network, while CF inhibited biological functions associated with immune cell migration and inflammatory response. These results highlighted that proper immune function was dependent on specific GIT microbiota profiles, in which early-life exposure to L-based probiotic may have modulated the immune functions, whereas neonatal colonization of Enterobacteriaceae strains may have led to immune dysregulation associated with chronic inflammation.

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Innate immunity and inflammation

Cited by 99 publications

References 15 publications

Aetiological Significance of Infectious Stimuli in Kawasaki Disease

Aetiological Significance of Infectious Stimuli in Kawasaki Disease

Antimicrobial Peptide Combined with BMP2-Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Calvarial Repair in an Osteolytic Model

A Proteomic View of the Cross-Talk Between Early Intestinal Microbiota and Poultry Immune System

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