Innate immunity and gut–microbe mutualism in Drosophila

Ryu, Ji-Hwan; Ha, Eun-Mi; Lee, Won–Jae

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2009.11.010

Cited by 145 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Our data indicate the occurrence in insects of similar control patterns of the immune response, which, so far, have been less intensively investigated compared with activation pathways (32,38,39). However, an effective down-regulation of the immune reaction is as important as its activation, not only to prevent dysfunctional overreactions against foreign invaders, but also to finely orchestrate the gut-microbe homeostasis by shaping the commensal community while efficiently eliminating unwanted pathogens (40,41).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Furthermore, this insecticide-induced alteration of the innate immune response may also influence gut microbial pathogens. Indeed, innate immunity in the gut epithelia of Drosophila actively controls gut-microbe homeostasis through a subtle modulation of NF-κB signaling (40,41). The recent analysis of the gut microbiota in honey bees (52) sets the stage for future research aiming to define the role that gut commensal bacteria have in nutrition and pathogen control.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonicotinoid clothianidin adversely affects insect immunity and promotes replication of a viral pathogen in honey bees

Prisco

Cavaliere

Annoscia

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

568

445

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Large-scale losses of honey bee colonies represent a poorly understood problem of global importance. Both biotic and abiotic factors are involved in this phenomenon that is often associated with high loads of parasites and pathogens. A stronger impact of pathogens in honey bees exposed to neonicotinoid insecticides has been reported, but the causal link between insecticide exposure and the possible immune alteration of honey bees remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin negatively modulates NF-κB immune signaling in insects and adversely affects honey bee antiviral defenses controlled by this transcription factor. We have identified in insects a negative modulator of NF-κB activation, which is a leucine-rich repeat protein. Exposure to clothianidin, by enhancing the transcription of the gene encoding this inhibitor, reduces immune defenses and promotes the replication of the deformed wing virus in honey bees bearing covert infections. This honey bee immunosuppression is similarly induced by a different neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, but not by the organophosphate chlorpyriphos, which does not affect NF-κB signaling. The occurrence at sublethal doses of this insecticide-induced viral proliferation suggests that the studied neonicotinoids might have a negative effect at the field level. Our experiments uncover a further level of regulation of the immune response in insects and set the stage for studies on neural modulation of immunity in animals. Furthermore, this study has implications for the conservation of bees, as it will contribute to the definition of more appropriate guidelines for testing chronic or sublethal effects of pesticides used in agriculture.Apis mellifera | DWV | NLR (CLR) | neuroimmunity | toxicology

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonicotinoid clothianidin adversely affects insect immunity and promotes replication of a viral pathogen in honey bees

Prisco

Cavaliere

Annoscia

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

568

445

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several studies have demonstrated that both insects and mammals deploy multiple negative regulatory mechanisms to prevent immune activation by reducing signal strength (6,23,34,35). A tightly regulated immune system is important for the host to mount an effective immune response against the incoming pathogens and can also benefit symbiosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The symbiotic functions in insects also range from nutritional supplementation of host diets to provisioning host physiological processes, including fecundity and immunity (6)(7)(8). The insect systems are easier to maintain with shorter generation times and less husbandry costs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

PGRP-LB is a maternally transmitted immune milk protein that influences symbiosis and parasitism in tsetse’s offspring

Wang

Aksoy

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Beneficial microbe functions range from host dietary supplementation to development and maintenance of host immune system. In mammals, newborn progeny are quickly colonized with a symbiotic fauna that is provisioned in mother's milk and that closely resembles that of the parent. Tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) also depends on the obligate symbiont Wigglesworthia for nutritional supplementation, optimal fecundity, and immune system development. Tsetse progeny develop one at a time in an intrauterine environment and receive nourishment and symbionts in mother's milk. We show that the host Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein (PGRP-LB) is expressed only in adults and is a major component of the milk that nourishes the developing progeny. The amidase activity associated with PGRP-LB may scavenge the symbiotic peptidoglycan and prevent the induction of tsetse's Immune Deficiency pathway that otherwise can damage the symbionts. Reduction of PGRP-LB experimentally diminishes female fecundity and damages Wigglesworthia in the milk through induction of antimicrobial peptides, including Attacin. Larvae that receive less maternal PGRP-LB give rise to adults with fewer Wigglesworthia and hyperimmune responses. Such adults also suffer dysregulated immunity, as indicated by the presence of higher trypanosome densities in parasitized adults. We show that recPGRP-LB has antimicrobial and antitrypanosomal activities that may regulate symbiosis and impact immunity. Thus, PGRP-LB plays a pivotal role in tsetse's fitness by protecting symbiosis against host-inflicted damage during development and by controlling parasite infections in adults that can otherwise reduce host fecundity. maternal transfer | transgenerational immune effects | antimicrobial activity | antitrypanosomal activity

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“…Alternatively, the gut microbiota can indirectly affect the development and persistence of parasites by inducing the host's immune system (Buchon et al, 2009;Douglas, 2010;Feldhaar and Gross, 2008;Kau et al, 2011;Lazzaro and Little, 2009;Ryu et al, 2010;Ryu et al, 2008;Wen et al, 2008). For instance, in mosquitoes, commensals can modulate Plasmodium infection (Cirimotich et al, 2011;Gonzalez-Ceron et al, 2003;Meister et al, 2009;Pumpuni et al, 1996).…”

Section: Microbiota: a Key Component Of Nutritional Immunologymentioning

confidence: 99%