Innate immune system and tissue regeneration in planarians: An area ripe for exploration

Peiris, T. Harshani; Hoyer, Katrina K.; Oviedo, Néstor J.

doi:10.1016/j.smim.2014.06.005

Cited by 61 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…As a platyhelminthes, inside the planarian there must be a mechanism which prevent and defend the invasion and infection of pathogens. However, the planarian immune system is still largely unknown [ 44 ]. We selected genes in 15 KEGG immune-related pathways firstly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent results of candidate genes expression changes after bacteria stimulation further evidence that these genes involve in the response to bacterial infection ( S10 File ). Reports revealed that TRAF6, TRAF3 and P38 play a pivotal role in the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway [ 44 , 46 , 47 ]. Previously study showed that CgTRAF3 responds to bacterial and viral stimulation [ 56 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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De Novo Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Immune Related Genes and the RIG-I-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway in the Freshwater Planarian (Dugesia japonica)

Pang

Gao

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThe freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica (D. japonica) possesses extraordinary ability to regenerate lost organs or body parts. Interestingly, in the process of regeneration, there is little wound infection, suggesting that D. japonica has a formidable innate immune system. The importance of immune system prompted us to search for immune-related genes and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways.ResultsTranscriptome sequencing of D. japonica was performed on an IlluminaHiSeq2000 platform. A total of 27,180 transcripts were obtained by Trinity assembler. CEGMA analysis and mapping of all trimmed reads back to the assembly result showed that our transcriptome assembly covered most of the whole transcriptome. 23,888 out of 27,180 transcripts contained ORF (open reading fragment), and were highly similar to those in Schistosoma mansoni using BLASTX analysis. 8,079 transcripts (29.7%) and 8,668 (31.9%) were annotated by Blast2GO and KEGG respectively. A DYNLRB-like gene was cloned to verify its roles in the immune response. Finally, the expression patterns of 4 genes (RIG-I, TRAF3, TRAF6, P38) in the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway were detected, and the results showed they are very likely to be involved in planarian immune response.ConclusionRNA-Seq analysis based on the next-generation sequencing technology was an efficient approach to discover critical genes and to understand their corresponding biological functions. Through GO and KEGG analysis, several critical and conserved signaling pathways and genes related to RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway were identified. Four candidate genes were selected to identify their expression dynamics in the process of pathogen stimulation. These annotated transcripts of D. japonica provide a useful resource for subsequent investigation of other important pathways.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Immune Related Genes and the RIG-I-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway in the Freshwater Planarian (Dugesia japonica)

Pang

Gao

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…Planarians are flatworms (Platyhelminthes) with high rates of cellular turnover and an extraordinary capacity to regenerate, both processes of which are based on adult stem cells (SCs) called neoblasts (Aboobaker, 2011;King and Newmark, 2012;Pellettieri and Sanchez Alvarado, 2007;Reddien and Sánchez Alvarado, 2004;Wagner et al, 2011). The immune system of planaria has a high-degree of evolutionary conservation to the innate immune system of humans (Abnave and Ghigo, 2018;Li et al, 2018;Lu et al, 2017;Maciel and Oviedo, 2018;Peiris et al, 2014;Tsoumtsa et al, 2018). Additionally, similar to humans, planarians are able to distinguish between commensal and pathogenic bacteria (Abnave et al, 2014;Arnold et al, 2016;Keating https://doi.org/10.1016Keating https://doi.org/10.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea is a new model to study host-pathogen interactions during fungal infections

Maciel

Jiang

Barghouth

et al. 2019

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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Candida albicans is one of the most common fungal pathogens of humans. Currently, there are limitations in the evaluation of C. albicans infection in existing animal models, especially in terms of understanding the influence of specific infectious stages of the fungal pathogen on the host. We show that C. albicans infects, grows and invades tissues in the planarian flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea, and that the planarian responds to infection by activating components of the host innate immune system to clear and repair host tissues. We study different stages of C. albicans infection and demonstrate that planarian stem cells increase division in response to fungal infection, a process that is likely evolutionarily conserved in metazoans. Our results implicate MORN2 and TAK1/p38 signaling pathways as possible mediators of the host innate immune response to fungal infection. We propose the use of planarians as a model system to investigate host-pathogen interactions during fungal infections.

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“…It has long been known that the immune system and inflammation are linked with cancer, but recently more and more research also illustrates the importance of the immune system in the regeneration process [174][175][176][177][178]. Cells of the immune system remove damaged cells and cell debris, produce signalling and growth factors, regulate angiogenesis and modulate the extracellular matrix environment in the first stages after injury.…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox-Related Mechanisms to Rebalance Cancer-Deregulated Cell Growth

Stevens¹,

Pirotte²,

Wouters³

et al. 2016

CDT

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A delicate balance exists between the process of carcinogenesis and tissue regeneration. A number of malignant tumours are considered the outcome of an impaired or incomplete regeneration process, resulting in persistently dividing cells. Regeneration-competent tissues and animals are able to prevent and counteract growth abnormalities and seem to have a low vulnerability to chemical carcinogenesis. Cancer cell survival depends, among other things, on various redox-related mechanisms, which are targets of currently developed therapies. Disadvantages of these therapies are a lack of specificity and drug resistance. As the majority of these redox-related mechanisms also play an important role in successful and coordinated cell functioning and reproduction, the regeneration process offers a unique parallel context for modern cancer research. This review focuses on the interconnections between regeneration and carcinogenesis and how an understanding of regenerative forces and redox-controlled mechanisms could contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets to block the growth and survival of cancer cells.

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Innate immune system and tissue regeneration in planarians: An area ripe for exploration

Cited by 61 publications

References 110 publications

De Novo Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Immune Related Genes and the RIG-I-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway in the Freshwater Planarian (Dugesia japonica)

De Novo Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Immune Related Genes and the RIG-I-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway in the Freshwater Planarian (Dugesia japonica)

The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea is a new model to study host-pathogen interactions during fungal infections

Redox-Related Mechanisms to Rebalance Cancer-Deregulated Cell Growth

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