Innate Immune Evasion Strategies by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

Guha, Debjani; Ayyavoo, Velpandi

doi:10.1155/2013/954806

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…These infections are consecutive to different subabnormalities of host defense against infectious agents [2, 3]. In such patients, enterobacteriaceae which are responsible for gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections may raise the incidence of HIV and the progression of HIV infection to AIDS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of enterobacteriaceae isolated from HIV-infected patients in Kinshasa

Iyamba¹,

Wambale²,

Takaisi-Kikuni³

2014

Pan Afr Med J

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IntroductionPeople infected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are susceptible to develop severe bacterial infections. We set out to determine the frequency and the sensitivity to antibiotics of enterobaceriaceae isolated from urine and feces of HIV-infected persons.MethodsUrine and feces samples were collected from HIV-infected patients of the Centre de Traitement Ambulatoire de Kabinda (CTA/Kabinda, Kinshasa) and analyzed at the Reference National Laboratory for HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections. The isolated enterobacteriaceae strains were identified by conventional microbiological methods. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern was carried out by disc diffusion method.ResultsThe following bacteria pathogens were isolated: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, and Providencia. Most species were sensitive to cefotaxim, ceftriaxon, and gentamicin and resistant to chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, and norfloxacin.ConclusionThe results of the present study show that the most frequently bacteria isolated were Esherichia coli and cefotaxim, ceftriaxon, and gentamicin were the most active antibiotics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of enterobacteriaceae isolated from HIV-infected patients in Kinshasa

Iyamba¹,

Wambale²,

Takaisi-Kikuni³

2014

Pan Afr Med J

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“…Because the viruses such as HIV have evolved mechanisms to evade TLR3/IFN-mediated intracellular innate immunity in the target cells (Finlay and McFadden, 2006; Guha and Ayyavoo, 2013), antiviral support from uninfected bystander cells is helpful in restoring antiviral state in the infected cells. Therefore, the delivery of multiple antiviral factors by exosomes may be an alternative strategy for treatment of HIV disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exosomes contribute to the transmission of anti-HIV activity from TLR3-activated brain microvascular endothelial cells to macrophages

et al. 2016

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Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), the major cell type in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), play a key role in maintaining brain homeostasis. However, their role in the BBB innate immunity against HIV invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) remains to be determined. Our early work showed that TLR3 signaling of HBMECs could produce the antiviral factors that inhibit HIV replication in macrophages. The present study examined whether exosomes from TLR3-activated HBMECs mediate the intercellular transfer of antiviral factors to macrophages. Primary human macrophages could take up exosomes from TLR3-activated HBMECs. HBMECs-derived exosomes contained multiple antiviral factors, including several key IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs; ISG15, ISG56, and Mx2) at mRNA and protein levels. The depletion of exosomes from TLR3-activated HBMECs culture supernatant diminished HBMECs-mediated anti-HIV activity in macrophages. In conclusion, we demonstrate that exosomes shed by HBMECs are able to transport the antiviral molecules to macrophages. This finding suggests the possibility that HIV nonpermissive BBB cells (HBMECs) can help to restore the antiviral state in HIV-infected macrophages, which may be a defense mechanism against HIV neuroinvasion.

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“…mycobacteria, lymphoma) [14]. On the other hand, HIv-1 leads to defects in natural killer cell and CD8 T-cell cytotoxicity and excessive activation of monocytes and macrophages [15,16]. Herpes viruses in general and EBv in particular are known triggers of hemophagocytic syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein–Barr virus viral load in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with reactive hemophagocytic syndrome

Boisseau

Lambotte

Galicier

et al. 2015

Infectious Diseases

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Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients control Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication poorly, we hypothesized that reactive hemophagocytic syndrome (HS) in these patients may be associated with poor control of EBV. The files of 314 patients with a suspected diagnosis of HS were retrospectively reviewed. EBV viral load at the time of HS was compared between HIV-positive and -negative patients. A confirmed diagnosis of HS was made in 162 patients [109 males, median age 48 (35-62) years]. Among them, 61 (38%) were HIV positive [median HIV viral load 3.2 (1.6-5.5) log/ml, median CD4 count 94 (28-190)/mm(3)]. The median EBV viral load was significantly higher in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative patients [4.0 (2.9-4.6) vs 2.5 (0-4.2) log/ml, p = 0.002]. It was higher both in patients with hematological malignancy-associated HS [4.0 (2.9-4.4) vs 2.9 (0-4.9) log/ml, p = 0.03] and in patients with infection-associated HS [3.9 (0-4.9) vs 0 (0-4.1) log/ml, p = 0.14]. However, EBV viral load was not significantly higher in HIV-infected patients with confirmed HS than in HIV-infected patients for whom HS was unlikely [4.0 (2.9-4.6) vs 3.9 (2.6-4.1) log/ml, p = 0.48].The high EBV viral load observed in HIV-infected patients with HS may be more likely to reflect the chronic HIV infection than to be the direct trigger of HS.

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Innate Immune Evasion Strategies by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

Cited by 35 publications

References 115 publications

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of enterobacteriaceae isolated from HIV-infected patients in Kinshasa

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of enterobacteriaceae isolated from HIV-infected patients in Kinshasa

Exosomes contribute to the transmission of anti-HIV activity from TLR3-activated brain microvascular endothelial cells to macrophages

Epstein–Barr virus viral load in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with reactive hemophagocytic syndrome

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