Innate defences against viraemia

Singh, I. S.; Baron, Samuel

doi:10.1002/1099-1654(200011/12)10:6<395::aid-rmv298>3.0.co;2-v

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Thus, at present, it seems unlikely that Ksp37 functions as a modulator of cytotoxicity or as a cytotoxic effector molecule by itself. Cytotoxic lymphocytes produce various kinds of antimicrobial molecules such as IFN-␥ and granulysin (55), and human serum has been reported to possess nonspecific antiviral activity (56). However, Ksp37 had no effect on the growth of E. coli and on the in vitro infectivity of polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, adenoviruses, and herpes simplex viruses (our unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Serum Protein That Is Selectively Produced by Cytotoxic Lymphocytes

Ogawa

Tanaka²,

Ishii³

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

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Cytotoxic lymphocytes such as CTL and NK cells play principal roles in the host defense mechanisms. Monitoring these effector cells in vivo is helpful to understand the immune responses in disorders such as cancer and infectious diseases. In this study, we identified a novel secretory protein, killer-specific secretory protein of 37 kDa (Ksp37), as a Th1-specific protein by a subtractive cloning method between human Th1 and Th2 cells. In peripheral blood leukocytes, Ksp37 expression was limited to Th1-type CD4+ T cells, effector CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, and CD16+ NK cells. Most of these Ksp37-expressing cells coexpressed perforin, indicating that Ksp37 is selectively and commonly expressed in the lymphocytes that have cytotoxic potential. Ksp37 was released at constant rate from both unstimulated and stimulated PBMCs in vitro and also detected in normal human sera. In healthy individuals, serum Ksp37 levels were significantly higher in children (mean ± SD; 984 ± 365 ng/ml for age 0–9) than in adults (441 ± 135 ng/ml for age 20–99), consistent with reported differences in the absolute counts of blood T and NK cells between children and adults. In patients with infectious mononucleosis, transient elevation of serum Ksp37 levels was observed during the early acute phase of primary EBV infection. These results suggest that Ksp37 may be involved in an essential process of cytotoxic lymphocyte-mediated immunity and that Ksp37 may also have clinical value as a new type of serum indicator for monitoring cytotoxic lymphocytes in vivo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Serum Protein That Is Selectively Produced by Cytotoxic Lymphocytes

Ogawa

Tanaka²,

Ishii³

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

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“…18 HDLs account for a significant component of the antiviral activity of human plasma. 61 Van Lenten et al 62 reported that HDLs lose their antiinflammatory properties during acute influenza infection. HDLs isolated from mice infected with influenza A virus lose their ability to protect LDLs against oxidation by human artery wall cells and are ineffective in preventing the LDL-induced monocyte chemotactic activity in a human artery wall coculture.…”

Section: Antioxidant Properties Of Hdlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiinflammatory Properties of HDL

Barter

Nicholls

Rye

et al. 2004

Circulation Research

1,202

786

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Abstract-There are several well-documented functions of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) that may explain the ability of these lipoproteins to protect against atherosclerosis. The best recognized of these is the ability of HDL to promote the efflux of cholesterol from cells. This process may minimize the accumulation of foam cells in the artery wall. However, HDL has additional properties that may also be antiatherogenic. For example, HDL is an effective antioxidants. The major proteins of HDL, apoA-I and apoA-II, as well as other proteins such as paraoxonase that cotransport with HDL in plasma, are well-known to have antioxidant properties. As a consequence, HDL has the capacity to inhibit the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in a process that reduces the atherogenicity of these lipoproteins. HDL also possesses other antiinflammatory properties. By virtue of their ability to inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells, they reduce the recruitment of blood monocytes into the artery wall. These antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties of HDL may be as important as its cholesterol efflux function in terms of protecting against the development of atherosclerosis.

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“…Two naturally occurring nonspecific broad-spectrum antiviral agents, University of Texas Inhibitor glycoprotein and high-density lipoprotein, have been identified in human serum [22][23][24]. In addition, certain saturated medium-chain and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids and their corresponding monoglycerides inactivate HSV and other enveloped viruses rapidly after contact [25][26][27].…”

Section: Vzv Orf32mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VZV DNA can also be detected in plasma and all subpopulations of PBMCs (CD4 þ T, CD8 þ T, and B lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages) obtained from children with varicella [15]. Of note, cell-associated VZV virions are not affected by the presence of non-specific antiviral substances in the serum [22][23][24][25][26][27]. The virus hematogenously reaches various organs, including the reticuloendothelial system of the liver and spleen, where VZV drastically replicates, bringing about secondary viremia.…”

Section: Tissue Tropism Of Vzvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus: why do these human alphaherpesviruses behave so differently from one another?

Mori

Nishiyama

2005

Rev. Med. Virol.

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Members of the Herpesviridae family of viruses are classified into the alpha, beta and gamma subfamilies. The alpha subfamily is estimated to have diverged from the beta and gamma subfamilies 200-220 million years ago. The ancestors of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), two ubiquitous and clinically important human pathogens, appeared 70-80 million years ago. As these viruses coevolved with their specific primate hosts, genetic rearrangements led to the development of the contemporary alphaherpesviruses and their distinct complement of genes. Here the distinct features of HSV and VZV are discussed in terms of their transmissibility, clinical picture, tissue tropism, establishment of latency/reactivation and immune evasion, which can, at least in part, be explained by differences in their genomes.

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Innate defences against viraemia

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

A Novel Serum Protein That Is Selectively Produced by Cytotoxic Lymphocytes

A Novel Serum Protein That Is Selectively Produced by Cytotoxic Lymphocytes

Antiinflammatory Properties of HDL

Herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus: why do these human alphaherpesviruses behave so differently from one another?

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