Innate and adaptive immunity in allergic airway disease

Scadding, Glenis K.; Scadding, Guy W.

doi:10.1097/aci.0000000000000800

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory airway diseases are associated with large biological networks involving the environment and the host 480 . The nasal epithelium first encounters aeroallergens in the host.…”

Section: Pathophysiology and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Allergic rhinitis – 2023

Wise

Damask

Roland

et al. 2023

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

115

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Background In the 5 years that have passed since the publication of the 2018 International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR‐Allergic Rhinitis 2018), the literature has expanded substantially. The ICAR‐Allergic Rhinitis 2023 update presents 144 individual topics on allergic rhinitis (AR), expanded by over 40 topics from the 2018 document. Originally presented topics from 2018 have also been reviewed and updated. The executive summary highlights key evidence‐based findings and recommendation from the full document. Methods ICAR‐Allergic Rhinitis 2023 employed established evidence‐based review with recommendation (EBRR) methodology to individually evaluate each topic. Stepwise iterative peer review and consensus was performed for each topic. The final document was then collated and includes the results of this work. Results ICAR‐Allergic Rhinitis 2023 includes 10 major content areas and 144 individual topics related to AR. For a substantial proportion of topics included, an aggregate grade of evidence is presented, which is determined by collating the levels of evidence for each available study identified in the literature. For topics in which a diagnostic or therapeutic intervention is considered, a recommendation summary is presented, which considers the aggregate grade of evidence, benefit, harm, and cost. Conclusion The ICAR‐Allergic Rhinitis 2023 update provides a comprehensive evaluation of AR and the currently available evidence. It is this evidence that contributes to our current knowledge base and recommendations for patient evaluation and treatment.

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Section: Pathophysiology and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Allergic rhinitis – 2023

Wise

Damask

Roland

et al. 2023

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

115

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“…In people with genetic susceptibility for atopy, the first contact with an allergen induces the development of effector T cells with a type‐2 profile which has been extensively characterized 1,8,9 . They develop from naïve T cells following a contact (interaction between Notch1 ligand/‐Delta4‐expressed on DCs and Notch1 on T cells), and soluble signals (IL‐4 produced by circulating or tissue eosinophils, mast cells [MCs] or activated NKT cells).…”

Section: Effector and Regulatory T Cells Play A Major Role In Ba And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both Th1 and Th17 cells are involved in the response to chronic viral and bacterial infections as well as in the majority of autoimmune diseases, whereas Th2 cells associate with allergy and parasitic infections 118 . Finally, Th9 cells produce IL‐9 and IL‐10, express the main regulator PU1, and are involved in allergic inflammation and tumors, while the Th22 subset synthesizes mainly IL‐22, expresses aryl hydrocarbon receptor and associates with mucosal defense, tissue repair, and wound healing 1,8,9,119 . Features of the main Th cell subsets are summarized in Figure 3.…”

Section: Effector and Regulatory T Cells Play A Major Role In Ba And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IL‐5 is the major chemotactic factor for eosinophil precursors and promotes their amplification and survival, whereas IL‐3, IL‐4, IL‐9, and IL‐13 are involved in MC recruitment. Finally, IL‐9, IL‐13, and IL‐31 further induce epithelium damage contributing to worsening AHR 9 . Chronic bronchial inflammation leads to airways remodeling which combines goblet cell hyperplasia, epithelial damage, subepithelial collagen deposition, airway smooth muscle hyperplasia, and increased angiogenesis 132,133 …”

Section: Effector and Regulatory T Cells Play A Major Role In Ba And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allergic disorders, including bronchial asthma (BA), allergic rhino‐conjunctivitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis with/without nasal polyps (CRSw/sNP), some food allergies (FA) eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), and atopic dermatitis (AD), display a chronic inflammation sharing several pathogenic mechanisms 1,2 . In the last five decades, the knowledge of such mechanisms extraordinarily improved with relevant clinical outputs and radical changes in the therapeutic approaches 3‐10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A pathogenic integrated view explaining the different endotypes of asthma and allergic disorders

Maggi

Parronchi

Azzarone

et al. 2022

Allergy

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The inflammation of allergic diseases is characterized by a complex interaction between type 2 and type 3 immune responses, explaining clinical symptoms and histopathological patterns. Airborne stimuli activate the mucosal epithelium to release a number of molecules impacting the activity of resident immune and environmental cells. Signals from the mucosal barrier, regulatory cells, and the inflamed tissue are crucial conditions able to modify innate and adaptive effector cells providing the selective homing of eosinophils or neutrophils. The high plasticity of resident T‐ and innate lymphoid cells responding to external signals is the prerequisite to explain the multiplicity of endotypes of allergic diseases. This notion paved the way for the huge use of specific biologic drugs interfering with pathogenic mechanisms of inflammation. Based on the response of the epithelial barrier, the activity of resident regulatory cells, and functions of structural non‐lymphoid environmental cells, this review proposes some immunopathogenic scenarios characterizing the principal endotypes which can be associated with a precise phenotype of asthma. Recent literature indicates that similar concepts can also be applied to the inflammation of other non‐respiratory allergic disorders. The next challenges will consist in defining specific biomarker(s) of each endotype allowing for a quick diagnosis and the most effective personalized therapy.

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Advances in noncoding RNA in children allergic rhinitis

Li,

Cui,

et al. 2024

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

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Background: A chronic condition that significantly reduces a child's quality of life is allergic rhinitis (AR). The environment and allergens that the body is regularly exposed to can cause inflammatory and immunological reactions, which can change the expression of certain genes Epigenetic changes are closely linked to the onset and severity of allergy disorders according to mounting amounts of data. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a group of RNA molecules that cannot be converted into polypeptides. The three main categories of ncRNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). NcRNAs play a crucial role in controlling gene expression and contribute to the development of numerous human diseases. Methods: Articles are selected based on Pubmed's literature review and the author's personal knowledge. The largest and highest quality studies were included. The search selection is not standardized. Results: Recent findings indicate that various categories of ncRNAs play distinct yet interconnected roles and actively contribute to intricate gene regulatory networks. Conclusion: This article demonstrates the significance and progress of ncRNAs in children's AR. The database covers three key areas: miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. Additionally, potential avenues for future research to facilitate the practical application of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers will be explore.

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Innate and adaptive immunity in allergic airway disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Allergic rhinitis – 2023

International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Allergic rhinitis – 2023

A pathogenic integrated view explaining the different endotypes of asthma and allergic disorders

Advances in noncoding RNA in children allergic rhinitis

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