Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Co-operate to Protect Cattle against Theileria annulata

Preston, Patricia M.; Hall, Franklin R.; Glass, Elizabeth J.; Campbell, John; Darghouth, Mohamed Aziz; Ahmed, Jabbar S.; Shiels, Brian; Spooner, R. L.; Jongejan, Frans; Brown, C.G.D.

doi:10.1016/s0169-4758(99)01466-0

Cited by 60 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The disease causes up to $30% mortality, varying between regions and breeds of cattle [11]. The life cycle [12] involves three developmental stages: sporozoites, schizonts and piroplasms. Sporozoites, which are transmitted by Hyalomma ticks, rapidly invade monocytes and macrophages, wherein they transform into schizonts (multinucleated parasites), which induce proliferation of the host cell.…”

Section: Pros and Cons Of Different Types Of Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phenotypic and genotypic alterations in gene expression have been shown by the loss of expression of parasite-induced matrix metalloproteases during attenuation, and the inability to produce merozoites was shown by differential RNA display [21][22][23]. Protective immune mechanisms The mechanism of protective immunity is mainly cell-mediated; it involves both innate and adaptive immune responses, and is directed against the schizont stage [12]. In vivo, T. annulata preferentially infects monocytes and macrophages rather than lymphoid cells [24].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The innate immune response involves activation of macrophages, suppressing proliferation of infected cells, production of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), nitric oxide and natural killer cells [12]. The adaptive response mounts T cells that are cytotoxic for schizont-infected cells, antigensensitized lymphocytes and a T-helper cell-type 1 CD4 + response: production of TNF-a and IFN-g, with 'cytostatic' macrophages producing nitric oxide, the effective mediator of the protective response to schizont-infected cells in vivo [12,24].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adaptive response mounts T cells that are cytotoxic for schizont-infected cells, antigensensitized lymphocytes and a T-helper cell-type 1 CD4 + response: production of TNF-a and IFN-g, with 'cytostatic' macrophages producing nitric oxide, the effective mediator of the protective response to schizont-infected cells in vivo [12,24]. Interestingly, the same cytokines are also implied in pathology.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attenuated vaccines for tropical theileriosis, babesiosis and heartwater: the continuing necessity

Shkap¹,

Vos²,

Zweygarth³

et al. 2007

Trends in Parasitology

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Section: Pros and Cons Of Different Types Of Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms Of Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms Of Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms Of Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Attenuated vaccines for tropical theileriosis, babesiosis and heartwater: the continuing necessity

Shkap¹,

Vos²,

Zweygarth³

et al. 2007

Trends in Parasitology

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“…These antigens were reported to give partial protection when different delivery systems and adjutants were tried [21,26]. However, little is known on stage specific expression of T. orientalis proteins.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Theileria orientalis Piroplasm Protein Encoded by an Open Reading Frame (To ORF2) in a Genomic Fragment

Kim

Yokoyama

Kumar

et al. 2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. In the present study, a novel antigenic protein expressed in the piroplasm stage of Theileria orientalis was characterized. A 4,707 bp genomic fragment amplified by PCR contained two open reading frames (ORFs). The deduced amino acid sequence of the first ORF showed significantly high similarlity to the ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolases/proteases while the second ORF (To ORF2) showed homology to several surface antigens of plasmodia. To ORF2 was expressed to determine whether the protein product is expressed by the parasite. In western blot analysis, bovine antiserum from a T. orientalis-infected calf recognized the recombinant protein containing a C-terminal part of the ORF expressed by baculovirus system. Western blot analysis with the anti-To ORF2 mouse serum recognized a 48 kDa protein in T. orientalis piroplasm lysates. Indirect immunofluorescence antibody test by confocal scanning laser microscopic analysis showed that antisera against the recombinant protein recognized T. orientalis piroplasm in the infected erythrocyte. The results from this study indicate that To ORF2 protein is expressed at the piroplasm stage and is immunogenic. This novel antigenic To ORF2 protein could be exploited for vaccine development against bovine piroplasmosis. KEY WORDS: Apicomplexa, parasite vaccine, piroplasm, Theileria orientalis.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66(8): 957-963, 2004 Theileria parasites are tick-transmitted, intracellular protozoa belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa, which cause disease in wild and domestic ruminants. Two Theileria species, namely T. parva and T. annulata, are highly pathogenic, causing lymphoproliferative diseases in cattle. They cause significant economic losses to animal husbandry in tropical and subtropical countries [18,22,28,35]. On the other hand, T. orientalis cause bovine piroplasmosis, a disease characterized by anemia in infected cattle [17]. The disease occasionally cause death especially in severe cases [34] and lead to great economic loss in cattle production mainly in Japan and Korea [1,17].Recent attempts to develop subunit vaccines against Theileria parasites have focused on the sporozoite surface antigens (p67 of T. parva and SPAG-1 of T. annulata). These antigens were reported to give partial protection when different delivery systems and adjutants were tried [21,26]. However, little is known on stage specific expression of T. orientalis proteins. Only two piroplasm proteins, the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) [12,15] and P23 [29] have been reported although the erythrocytic stage is responsible for the pathology associated with theileriosis caused by T. orientalis. For other stages such as sporozoite or schizont, no specific genes have been identified so far. It was reported that vaccination with synthetic MPSP peptides reduced parasitemia [24], but effective and safe vaccine have not yet been developed for T. orientalis.In efforts to develop vaccines against T. orientalis, we have searched for genes specifically expressed in the sporozoite, schizont or piropl...

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Theileria annulata: Attenuation of a Schizont-Infected Cell Line by Prolonged in Vitro Culture Is Not Caused by the Preferential Growth of Particular Host Cell Types

Preston

Jackson

Sutherland

et al. 2001

Experimental Parasitology

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Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Co-operate to Protect Cattle against Theileria annulata

Cited by 60 publications

References 43 publications

Attenuated vaccines for tropical theileriosis, babesiosis and heartwater: the continuing necessity

Attenuated vaccines for tropical theileriosis, babesiosis and heartwater: the continuing necessity

Molecular Characterization of Theileria orientalis Piroplasm Protein Encoded by an Open Reading Frame (To ORF2) in a Genomic Fragment

Theileria annulata: Attenuation of a Schizont-Infected Cell Line by Prolonged in Vitro Culture Is Not Caused by the Preferential Growth of Particular Host Cell Types

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