Innate and adaptive immune responses against Influenza A Virus: Immune evasion and vaccination strategies

Varghese, Praveen M.; Kishore, Uday; Rajkumari, Reena

doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152279

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 442 publications

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“…The adaptive cellular and humoral immune response plays an important role in immunity against viral infections of the respiratory tract 83. Antibodies are detectable in almost all healthy individuals following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination and are capable of neutralising the virus by preventing the interaction of the viral spike receptor binding domain with the host ACE2 receptor6 84–86 (figure 2A).…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 and The Adaptive Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adaptive cellular and humoral immune response plays an important role in immunity against viral infections of the respiratory tract. 83 Antibodies are detectable in almost all healthy individuals following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination and are capable of neutralising the virus by preventing the interaction of the viral spike receptor binding domain with the host ACE2 receptor 6 84–86 ( figure 2A ). Similar to virus-specific antibodies, SARS-CoV2-specific T cells are also rapidly induced by both, natural infection and vaccination 8 85 87 88 ( figure 2A ), and the vaccine-induced T cell epitope repertoire is largely conserved in currently circulating variants, including Omicron.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 and The Adaptive Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 and the liver: clinical and immunological features in chronic liver disease

Luxenburger

Thimme

2023

Gut

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SARS-CoV-2 infection may affect the liver in healthy individuals but also influences the course of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). As described in healthy individuals, a strong SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immune response is important for the outcome of COVID-19, however, knowledge on the adaptive immune response in CLD is limited.Here, we review the clinical and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with CLD. Acute liver injury occurs in many cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be induced by multiple factors, such as cytokines, direct viral infection or toxic effects of COVID-19 drugs. In individuals with CLD, SARS-CoV-2 infection may have a more severe course and promote decompensation and particularly in patients with cirrhosis. Compared with healthy individuals, the SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immune responses is impaired in patients with CLD after both, natural infection and vaccination but improves at least partially after booster vaccination.Following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, rare cases of acute vaccine-induced liver injury and the development of autoimmune-like hepatitis have been reported. However, the concomitant elevation of liver enzymes is reversible under steroid treatment.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 and The Adaptive Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sars-cov-2 and The Adaptive Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 and the liver: clinical and immunological features in chronic liver disease

Luxenburger

Thimme

2023

Gut

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“…Rapid mutations of HA and NA allow the virus to escape recognition [80]. Antigenic drift and shift lead to the emergence of novel strains with altered antigenic properties, complicating immune recognition [81].…”

Section: Host Responses To Rsv Influenza Virus and Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections

Gambadauro,

Galletta,

Li Pomi

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The respiratory system is constantly exposed to viral infections that are responsible for mild to severe diseases. In this narrative review, we focalized the attention on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, responsible for high morbidity and mortality in the last decades. We reviewed the human innate and adaptive immune responses in the airways following infection, focusing on a particular population: newborns and pregnant women. The recent Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted how our interest in viral pathologies must not decrease. Furthermore, we must increase our knowledge of infection mechanisms to improve our future defense strategies.

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“…[30] In addition, non-structural genes expressed by influenza and SARS-CoV-2 play a critical role in evading the host's innate immune response to facilitate their infection of susceptible cells. [31,32] The SARS-CoV-2 NSP1 gene suppresses expression of IFN-α signaling by attenuating STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation via downregulating IFN-β protein, IFN-λ1, and IL-8 through binding to 18s rRNA of the 40S ribosome in the host cell. [32,33] On the other hand, SARS-CoV-2-influenza co-infection may aggravate the disease outcome.…”

Section: Alveolar Epithelium: a Common Target For Influenza And Sars-...mentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Co-Infection: Fair Competition or Sinister Combination?

Narasaraju,

Chow,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The COVID-19 pandemic remains a serious public health problem globally. During winter flu seasons, more aggressive SARS-CoV-2 infections with fatalities have been documented, indicating that influenza co-infections may significantly impact the disease outcome of COVID-19. Both influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses share many similarities in their transmission and cellular tropism for their replication in the human respiratory tract. However, it is still unclear how the two pathogens interplay to ensure their survival in the same lung microenvironment. In addition, clinical studies on influenza co-infections in COVID-19 patients do not provide conclusive evidence on how influenza co-infection mechanistically modifies the disease outcome in COVID-19. This mini-review discusses various viral as well as host factors that potentially influence the survival or synergism of these two respiratory pathogens in the infected lung microenvironment.

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Innate and adaptive immune responses against Influenza A Virus: Immune evasion and vaccination strategies

Cited by 6 publications

References 442 publications

SARS-CoV-2 and the liver: clinical and immunological features in chronic liver disease

SARS-CoV-2 and the liver: clinical and immunological features in chronic liver disease

Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections

SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Co-Infection: Fair Competition or Sinister Combination?

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