Innate and Adaptative Immunity in the Sea-Star Asterias Rubens

Abstract

The axial organ of the sea star Asterias rubens is a primitive immune organ. The B-like cells, when stimulated by various antigens, produce antibody substances correlating with Mouse Ig Kappa genes. On the other hand elements of the innate immunity are present in Asterias rubens such as Toll-like receptors, interleukin receptors, complement components which contribute to initiate the «antibody factor».

The Il2 'S Problem, Il4 Evidence in Asterias Rubens Sea Star.(Echinoderm)

“…We have learnt that sea star T lymphocytes can release soluble lymphokin mediators, after stimulation with P.W.M (Pokeweed mitogen) sepharose 6 MB beads with mitogenic properties [3] IL2-like was discovered in Legac et al [4], using flow cytometric discrimination, but first genomic studies [1] domain complexity and complex intron-exon structure.…”

“…RNA was extracted using Trizol (Invitrogen) according to manufacturer instructions. The Following steps were already described [1], the cDNA was sequenced on the illumina GSII platform sequencing 1. 100 bp from one side of the approximately 200bp fragments.…”

“…We also found IL4 in immunized sea stars only. IL4 induced 1: an interleukin induced by B lymphocytes and why not by sea star B lymphocytes?[1].The possible absence of true IL2 may reflect the difficulties of identifying these rapidly evolving genes, which have slow protein Sea star similarities to human tcf 8 (1), to IL4 induced 1 (2).…”

Immunocytochemical Reactions in the Brittle-Star: Ophiocomina Nigra after Immunization

“…It seemed interesting to look for similar reactions in the Ophuirid: Ophiocomina nigra (another echinoderm) which possesses also an axial organ. The sea star axial organ, an ancestral lymphoïd organ shows immune adaptative reactions [2] and presents a primitive antibody [3] The question was : «Are the Ophiocomina and Asterina gibbosa axial organs similars from the point of view of immunocompetence ?» So, we have repeated an experimental protocol in Ophiocomina nigra which resembles to the sea star one of 1973, at the level, exclusively, of cytologic observations.…”

Alterações celulares e teciduais de Echinodermata em resposta ao parasitismo por moluscos eulimídios (Gastropoda: Eulimidae)

“…Com relação à imunidade adaptativa, invertebrado de uma maneira geral, são encarados por não a possuírem e equinodermos também seguem o padrão, tendo a imunidade celular como seu principal mecanismo de defesa. Recentemente foram identificadas células similares aos linfócitos B e T de vertebrados (Leclerc, 2012a;2012b. Além disso, células com potencial para atividade citotóxica (Arizza et al, 2007) e a produção de anticorpos, já foram verificadas (Delmotte et al, 1986;Leclerc, 2013;Vincent et al, 2014).…”