Inmigración en La Araucanía, ¿cómo viven este proceso haitianos, colombianos y venezolanos?

Abstract

El proceso migratorio y la adaptación a la cultura receptora presentan una serie de desafíos únicos para los inmigrantes, los cuales repercuten en su nivel de ajuste psicosocial. Este estudio busca caracterizar a tres grupos de inmigrantes. 
 Usando un muestreo intencionado de tipo bola de nieve se encuestó a 150 inmigrantes, provenientes de Colombia (n = 50), Venezuela (n = 50) y Haití (n = 50). Todos eran mayores de edad y residían en la región de La Araucanía. Los participantes contestaron escalas de estrés aculturativo, discriminación percibida, emociones asociadas a la discriminación, estrategias de aculturación, apoyo social, optimismo disposicional y preguntas sociodemográficas. Los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis descriptivos y comparativos entre grupos. 
 Los resultados revelaron que los tres grupos utilizaron, en mayor medida, la estrategia de integración. Sin embargo, el proceso de aculturación presentó diferencias según el país de origen. Así, los inmigrantes haitianos reportaron indicadores más desfavorables, mientras que venezolanos presentaron los más favorables.
 Estos resultados permiten comprender el proceso migratorio en contexto, considerando las características particulares de cada grupo y las condiciones de la cultura receptora. Así, cada grupo presenta un perfil diferenciado que informa sobre cómo se experimentan las interacciones culturales propias de la migración.

Analysis of the Mental and Physical Health Symptomatology Scale in a Sample of Emerging and Migrant Adults in Chile

“…Scientific evidence has corroborated that this process presents various difficulties that extend from the pre-migration phase and the migration journey itself to the arrival and settlement in the host country [ 29 ]. Research has linked migration processes to symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, psychosomatic symptoms (e.g., headaches and stomach problems) and mental health disorders in general [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Acculturative Stress, Perceived Social Support, and Mental Health: The Mediating Effect of Negative Emotions Associated with Discrimination

“…Because of this crisis in the northern macrozone, immigrants have had to look for settlement alternatives in the south of Chile [ 7 , 11 , 12 ]. This increase in migratory flows to new places of settlement in southern Chile highlights the need to understand how these acculturation processes affect the migrant population depending on the characteristics of the place of settlement, especially if these new settlements present particularities, such as intergroup conflicts and social vulnerability [ 13 ], considering that, in addition, Chile has stratified access to the health system and is one of the most unequal countries in the world [ 14 , 15 ].…”

“…Studies have reported that migrants informed higher levels of nostalgia for their home country alongside experiences of discrimination, adaptation difficulties, and problems with their migratory regulation process, which implies several issues in obtaining access to health care, jobs, and housing, among others. Moreover, Chilean people struggle with the same concerns, which converts the migration to Chile into a highly challenging settlement [ 13 , 26 , 27 ]. Accordingly, this study hypothesises that, in immigrants, acculturative stress is positively related to mental health symptoms (H1).…”

“…Although this relationship has not been studied in other types of minority populations, such as migrants, descriptive evidence points to a high prevalence of negative emotions, such as anger, rage, and sadness, in the migrant population of southern Chile. This indicates that negative emotions could explain anxiety (i.e., as a mechanism), depression, and stress-related symptomatology [ 13 , 45 , 47 , 53 , 54 ]. Consequently, this study proposes a possible mediating role of emotions in the association between acculturative stress and mental health symptoms.…”