Inkjet Printing of Patterned, Multispectral, and Biocompatible Photonic Crystals

Abstract

Patterning of photonic crystals to generate rationally designed color‐responsive materials has drawn considerable interest because of promising applications in optical storage, encryption, display, and sensing. Here, an inkjet‐printing based strategy is presented for noncontact, rapid, and direct approaches to generate arbitrarily patterned photonic crystals. The strategy is based on the use of water‐soluble biopolymer‐based opal structures that can be reformed with high resolution through precise deposition of fluids on the photonic crystal lattice. The resulting digitally designed photonic lattice formats simultaneously exploit structural color and material transience opening avenues for information encoding and combining functions of optics, biomaterials, and environmental interfaces in a single device.

Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Materials and Its Applications: A Review

“…Based on these properties, Zhang and Zhou et al introduced DPP into the one-coat epoxy coating, which showed improvement in UV-stability compared to the pure epoxy coating, due to the DPP pigment creating strong UV-light absorption (Zeng et al, 2018 ). DPP chromophore, typically the thiophene-flanked DPP with high hole transfer mobility, were used in dopant-free hole transfer materials (HTM) in perovskite solar cells, which not only improved the device stability but also reduced the cost of HTMs compared to the state-of-art HTMs (spiro-OMeTAD) (Li et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2019 ; Chang and Wang, 2020 ). Data's group reported phenyl-, furanyl- and thienyl-flanked DPP as emitters in OLED devices, which showed the EQE up to 12.1% (Data et al, 2016 ).…”

Active optics with silk

“…Remarkably, silk fibroin's relatively high thermal stability [11] and solubility in water allows it to be processed using a broad variety of already optimized multiscale fabrication techniques for optical and electronic devices without the need of dedicated fabrication processes [12]. Among the broad variety of biomanufacturing techniques available for silk processing, the ones mostly used for the fabrication of silkbased optical devices include electron beam lithography [13,14], soft lithography [10,15], photolithography [16], nanoimprinting [17,18], inkjet printing [19,20] direct ink writing [21], direct transfer [22], spin coating, and selfassembly [9,20,23]. Notably, as some of these techniques require energy transfer to the material being processed and can control its sol-gel-solid transition that can activate crosslinking [10,13,14,17,18], they can implicitly impart conformational changes to the protein, therefore modulating its water solubility during the fabrication of the material, without the need for post-treatments.…”

“…By using the above-described fabrication techniques, silk fibroin solutions can be shaped and programmed to display diverse optical responses. Notably, due to its nanoscale conformability resolution [28], silk can be molded into structures that can display optical functions including lensing and diffractive properties [29,30], photonic response [9,13,20,31], waveguiding [21], lasing [32], fluorescent response [33], and nonlinear optical behaviors [34][35][36]. Devices based on these optical functions can be programmed to display an active response by dedicated modifications that ensure silk's transformation abilities.…”

“…The ability to reconfigure photonic lattices provides additional levels of functionality to these engineered photonic crystals, which become structures that not only display multispectral responses but can also be used for information encoding. This has been recently demonstrated by creating multispectral QR codes through the combination of inkjet printing and water vapor treatment ( Figure 2G, H) [20]. Inkjet printing was used to modify preassembled photonic crystal lattices to create patterned templates (e.g., a QR code pattern) for silk infiltration and subsequent fabrication of patterned inverse opals.…”

Facile fabrication of encryption composite materials with trilayer quasi-amorphous heterostructure

“…As an important component of information security, information encryption technology refers to the use of mathematical or physical means in protecting informa-tion from illegal access. In recent years, unique functional materials have been developed for information encryption, including organic afterglow materials with distinguishable lifetime codes or reversible solid-state emission features [3][4][5], responsive photonic watermarks [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], rare-earth-doped materials with luminescence modulation [20], phase-change thermochromic materials [21], and plasmonic metamaterials [22][23][24]. Although these encryption strategies can be promising tools for strict security protection, their integration into real-life applications still faces great challenges due to their inability to meet some aspects of information security simultaneously.…”