Inkjet-printed CZTSSe absorbers and influence of sodium on device performance

Na-doping-induced modification of the Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4/CdS heterojunction towards efficient solar cells

“…Furthermore, alkali metal doping can induce surface modification of the absorber layer [17,20,21]. Therefore, some attempts at alkali metals doping have been carried out in CZTSSe solar cells [9,12,[22][23][24][25][26], and it has been proven that the incorporation of alkali metals, such as sodium (Na), can improve the performance of CZTSSe solar cells. For example, Pan group present a simple and low-cost sodium doping method for Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 (CZTSe) thin film solar cells.…”

“…As for the doping method, our group used a soft chemical method to dope Na into the CZTSe thin film, which promotes both the growth of the film and the elemental distribution, especially the distribution of Se [22]. Although some theoretical and experi-mental studies have been performed to confirm the positive role of Na in CZTSSe solar cells, the nature of the interaction between Na and efficiency improvement still needs to be studied [15,24].…”

Inkjet printed mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with custom design capability

“…9 Contrary to wafer technologies, thin film photovoltaic technologies allow to inkjet the active materials of the solar cell stack. For example, inkjet printed chalcopyrite 10 and kesterite 11 absorbers have demonstrated promising device efficiencies. Among the possible solar cell technologies fulfilling the requirements for inkjet printing, organic solar cells have been most widely studied and fully inkjet printed devices have indeed been achieved.…”

Impact of Na Doping on the Carrier Transport Path in Polycrystalline Flexible Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells

“…[1][2][3][4] Many studies on Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) solar cells are also being conducted by applying alkali doping, which has the advantage of using earthabundant and low-cost elements compared to CIGS solar cells. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In addition, alkali doping is essential when flexible substrates are employed in place of the more commonly used rigid soda-lime glass (SLG) due to Na and K diffusion effects. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] López-Marino et al [15] compared alkali doping methods such as MoNa back contact, NaF and KF layers with a 6.1% PCE of flexible Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 solar cells.…”

“…[ 1–4 ] Many studies on Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) solar cells are also being conducted by applying alkali doping, which has the advantage of using earth‐abundant and low‐cost elements compared to CIGS solar cells. [ 5–14 ] In addition, alkali doping is essential when flexible substrates are employed in place of the more commonly used rigid soda‐lime glass (SLG) due to Na and K diffusion effects. [ 15–29 ] López‐Marino et al.…”