Injury to the Elderly in Road Traffic Accidents

McCoy, G. F.; Johnstone, R A; Duthie, Robert B.

doi:10.1097/00005373-198904000-00013

Cited by 124 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…Injury analysis in our study shows similar results compared to earlier investigations, as seniors seem to be more likely to be involved in road traffic accidents and sustain more severe injuries with minor trauma [1][2][3]8] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…There are already several injury scores and injury observations focusing on older people, particularly considering the different and special circumstances in which older people take part in daily traffic scenes [3,17,18] . Here, we used the AIS scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AIS is a severity scoring system that classifies injuries in each body region. Classification ranges from minor to maximum (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6), indicating the relative severity of each body region. MAIS indicates the maximum AI-Scale of a trauma victim.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, previous investigations have shown that geriatric trauma patients are more often associated with a higher level of mortality, morbid-ity and frequency of more severe injuries [1][2][3][4] . There is not only an increase in age, but also in motorization in our society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injury patterns of seniors in traffic accidents: A technical and medical analysis

Brand¹,

Otte²,

Mueller

et al. 2012

WJO

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AIM:To investigate the actual injury situation of seniors in traffic accidents and to evaluate the different injury patterns. METHODS:Injury data, environmental circumstances and crash circumstances of accidents were collected shortly after the accident event at the scene. With these data, a technical and medical analysis was performed, including Injury Severity Score, Abbreviated Injury Scale and Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale. The method of data collection is named the German InDepth Accident Study and can be seen as representative. RESULTS:A total of 4430 injured seniors in traffic accidents were evaluated. The incidence of sustaining severe injuries to extremities, head and maxillofacial region was significantly higher in the group of elderly people compared to a younger age (P < 0.05). The number of accident-related injuries was higher in the group of seniors compared to other groups. CONCLUSION:Seniors are more likely to be involved in traffic injuries and to sustain serious to severe injuries compared to other groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injury patterns of seniors in traffic accidents: A technical and medical analysis

Brand¹,

Otte²,

Mueller

et al. 2012

WJO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Logistic regression modeling was used to compute the likelihood of an injury versus impact severity. Several predictor variables that have been identified as influencing injury risk were included, such as total delta-V (Kononen et al 2011;Kusano and Gabler 2012), seat belt use (Durbin et al 2003(Durbin et al , 2005, driver age (Langford and Koppel 2006;McCoy et al 1989), driver gender (Beck et al 2007;Mock et al 2002;Yau 2004), and whether or not the vehicle was equipped with side airbags (Arbelaez et al 2002;Kuppa et al 2003). The computation for calculating system effectiveness (i.e., the proportion of intersection crashes/injuries that could have potentially been prevented) can be found in the Appendix.…”

Section: Injury Benefits Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury mitigation estimates for an intersection driver assistance system in straight crossing path crashes in the United States

Scanlon

Sherony

Gabler

2017

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Objective: Accounting for one fifth of all crashes and one sixth of all fatal crashes in the United States, intersection crashes are among the most frequent and fatal crash modes. Intersection advanced driver assistance systems (I-ADAS) are emerging vehicle-based active safety systems that aim to help drivers safely navigate intersections. The objective of this study was to estimate the number of crashes and number of vehicles with a seriously injured driver (Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale [MAIS] 3+) that could be prevented or reduced if, for every straight crossing path (SCP) intersection crash, one of the vehicles had been equipped with an I-ADAS. Methods: This study retrospectively simulated 448 U.S. SCP crashes as if one of the vehicles had been equipped with I-ADAS. Crashes were reconstructed to determine the path and speeds traveled by the vehicles. Cases were then simulated with I-ADAS. A total of 30 variations of I-ADAS were considered in this study. These variations consisted of 5 separate activation timing thresholds, 3 separate computational latency times, and 2 different I-ADAS response modalities (i.e., a warning or autonomous braking). The likelihood of a serious driver injury was computed for every vehicle in every crash using impact delta-V. The results were then compiled across all crashes in order to estimate system effectiveness. Results: The model predicted that an I-ADAS that delivers an alert to the driver has the potential to prevent 0-23% of SCP crashes and 0-25% of vehicles with a seriously injured driver. Conversely, an I-ADAS that autonomously brakes was found to have the potential to prevent 25-59% of crashes and 38-79% of vehicles with a seriously injured driver. I-ADAS effectiveness is a strong function of design. Increasing computational latency time from 0 to 0.5 s was found to reduce crash and injury prevention estimates by approximately one third. For an I-ADAS that delivers an alert, crash/injury prevention effectiveness was found to be very sensitive to changes in activation timing (warning delivered 1.0 to 3.0 s prior to impact). If autonomous braking was used, system effectiveness was found to largely plateau for activation timings greater than 1.5 s prior to impact. In general, the results of this study suggest that I-ADAS will be 2-3 times more effective if an autonomous braking system is utilized over a warning-based system. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential effectiveness of I-ADAS in the U.S. vehicle fleet, while also indicating the sensitivity of system effectiveness to design specifications. The results of this study should be considered by designers of I-ADAS and evaluators of this technology considering a future I-ADAS safety test.

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