Injury to endothelial cells by phagocytosing polymorphonuclear leukocytes and modulatory role of lipoxygenase products

Abstract

dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (J. T. Baker Chemicals, Deventer, The Netherlands); CDNB and NDGA were dissolved in ethanol, and all reagents were further diluted to the 1447 on July 31, 2020 by guest http://iai.asm.org/ Downloaded from

Adherence of Alpha‐Hemolytic Streptococci to Human Endocardial, Endothelial and Buccal Cells

“…In recent years, considerable evidence has accumulated showing that human pathogenic bacteria of different species attach themselves efficiently to mucosal epithelial cells, usually taken from the genito-urinary tract or from the oral cavity (12, 13, 14). There are, however, few such studies with alpha-hemolytic streptococci, especially concerning the attachment of these and other bacteria to endothelial cells (15,16). In the present study we were able to show that alpha-hemolytic streptococci, isolated from blood of patients with endocarditis, adhered more efficiently in vitro than carrier strains to endocardial and endothelial cells.…”

Corneal epithelial cellular dysfunction from benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in vitro

“…The toxic injury to corneal epithelial cells was quantified as a percentage 51 Cr release and rate of cell detachment 8−10 . Percentage 51 Cr release, as an index of epithelial cell lysis, is directly related to the cellular release of lactate dehydrogenase, thus meaning cytoplasmic membrane disruption and cell death 8,10 . Cell detachment is used as an index of epithelial cell dysfunction.…”

“…51 Cr release 7,8 and corneal epithelial cell detachment 8−10 were used as indexes for corneal epithelial cell injury. Confluent cell monolayers were incubated with DMEM containing 51 Na 2 CrO 4 (New England Nuclear, Boston, MA, USA) at the concentration of 15 µCi/mL for 18 h. Before the experiments, the wells were washed three times with Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) to remove unincorporated radioactivity.…”

“…The percent of 51 Cr released into the supernatant is directly related to the cellular release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 7,11 and indirectly related to the number of cells that are capable of excluding trypan blue 11 . Thus, 51 Cr release into the supernatant was taken as an index of epithelial cell lysis 8,10 .…”

“…Cell detachment represents the sum of cells that are lysed and cells that are viable but unable to maintain strong adhesion to the underlying matrix when exposed to the shear stress of washing. Cell detachment is a frequently used index of epithelial cell dysfunction 8−10 : %cell detachment = supernatant (cpm) + wash (cpm) × 100/supernatant (cpm) + wash (cpm) + lysate (cpm).…”