Injury Prevention in Novice Runners: An Evidence-Based Approach and Literature Review

Gingrich, Stephen; Harrast, Mark A.

doi:10.1007/s40141-014-0075-9

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Tailoring running retraining strategies to each individual is needed to optimise outcomes [72]. Primary injury prevention interventions for runners have only been studied to a limited extent [109,110], in comparison with the larger scientific base of evidence for effective overuse injury prevention in other sports [111]. Future studies should further evaluate the role of specific intervention strategies to successfully modify the biomechanical variables associated with RRIs and decrease injury risk.…”

Section: Clinical Implications Of Biomechanical Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Risk Factors Associated with Running-Related Injuries: A Systematic Review

et al. 2019

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Background Running is a popular form of physical activity with many health benefits. However, the incidence and prevalence of running-related injuries (RRIs) is high. Biomechanical factors may be related to the development of RRIs. Objective This systematic review synthesizes biomechanical risk factors related to the development of RRIs in non-injured runners. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, and SPORTDiscus were searched in July 2018 for original peerreviewed prospective studies evaluating potential biomechanical factors associated with the development of RRIs. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Two reviewers independently assessed articles for inclusion and methodological quality. Due to methodological heterogeneity across studies, a narrative synthesis of findings was conducted, rather than a meta-analysis. Results Sixteen studies, including 13 of high quality and three of moderate quality, were included. A large number of biomechanical variables were evaluated, producing inconsistent evidence overall. Limited evidence indicated greater peak hip adduction in female runners developing patellofemoral pain and iliotibial band syndrome, but not for a mixed-sex population of crosscountry runners sustaining an RRI. The relationship between vertical loading rate and RRIs was inconsistent. Other kinematic, kinetic and spatiotemporal factors were only studied to a limited extent. Conclusions Current prospective evidence relating biomechanical variables to RRI risk is sparse and inconsistent, with findings largely dependent on the population and injuries being studied. Future research is needed to confirm these biomechanical risk factors and determine whether modification of these variables may assist in running injury prevention and management. Key Points Despite the common belief that biomechanical factors greatly influence running-related injury (RRI) risk, only a limited body of high-quality research, with significant heterogeneity in study populations, methodologies and outcome variables, was identified. Current prospective evidence relating biomechanical variables with the risk to sustain an RRI is inconsistent and largely dependent on the population and injuries being studied. A number of single-study findings related to kinematics, kinetics and spatiotemporal variables require confirmation via further high-quality prospective studies before clinical recommendations can be made.

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Section: Clinical Implications Of Biomechanical Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Risk Factors Associated with Running-Related Injuries: A Systematic Review

et al. 2019

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“…Furthermore, while the effect of running on the cardiovascular system in inactive groups, such as those targeted by the Couch-to-5k is well understood [4,5], there is limited research that describes the impacts on the musculoskeletal (MSK) system [20]. An understanding of MSK injury in novice runners is important as this is a deterrent from future engagement [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buist et al [23] stated that 40% of women and 37% of men did not re-start running after injury, and this pattern was higher in novice runners (48%) than those already engaged in running (24%). Evidence of the injury incidence for Couch-to-5k runners is limited; one paper reported an incidence of 49% [24], but more research is needed as it is unclear if MSK injury is a reason for non-completion of the Couch-to-5k programme and future deterrent of physical activity [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Couch-to-5k or Couch to Ouch to Couch!?” Who Takes Part in Beginner Runner Programmes in the UK and Is Non-Completion Linked to Musculoskeletal Injury?

Relph,

Taylor,

Christian

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Physical activity has mental and physical health benefits; however, globally, three-quarters of the population do not meet physical activity guidelines. The Couch-to-5k is a beginner runner programme aimed at increasing physical activity. However, this programme lacks an evidence base, and it is unclear who is attracted to the programme; running also has a high rate of musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries. The aims of this study were to identify the characteristics of people taking part and the incidence of MSK injuries as well as exploring the experiences of people who dropped out of a modified 9-week Couch-to-5k programme. A total of 110 runners (average age was 47.1 ± 13.7 years) participated in the study, which involved completion of questionnaires (running experience and footwear information, quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), physical activity level (IPAQ-short form), MSK injury history and knee condition (SNAPPS and KOOS-PS)) at the start, middle and end of the programme and collecting sociodemographic information (age, gender, social economic status, relationship status, education level), as well as body mass index, running experience, footwear information, quality of life, physical activity levels, MSK injuries and knee condition. Fifteen drop-outs were interviewed to explore experiences of the programme. Runners were mainly females (81.8%) with an average age 47.1 years, average body mass index of 28.1 kg.m2, mainly from high socio-economic levels, married and educated to degree level. In total, 64% of the sample had previous running experience and were classified as active. Half the sample self-reported pain/discomfort and 37.2% reported anxiety/depression at the start of the programme via the EQ-5D-5L scale. Self-reported health scores increased (p = 0.047) between baseline (73.1 ± 18.8 out of 100) and at the midpoint (81.2 ± 11.6), but there were no significant differences between any other time points (end point 79.7 ± 17.5, p > 0.05). Twenty-one injuries were reported during the programme (19%). Previous injury increased the risk of new injury (OR 7.56 95% CI from 2.06 to 27.75). Only 27.3% completed the programme. Three themes emerged from interviews; MSK injury, negative emotions linked to non-completion and design of the programme. The Couch-to-5k may not attract diverse inactive populations, but future work with larger sample sizes is needed to substantiate this finding. Dropping out was linked to MSK injury and progressive design, so future programmes should consider including injury prevention advice and more flexible designs.

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“…Prevention of running injuries has been extensively studied and discussed in the scientific literature 12–15. To effectively prevent injuries, an in-depth understanding of the aetiology of running injury is needed 16.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the presence of multiple predisposing exposures that influence how much running a runner can tolerate, future research questions should address how much running the musculoskeletal system can tolerance before injury is sustained. Using this approach may help explain precisely why and how risk factors interplay, and how much running is acceptable for runners of different sizes and shapes 15 39. To better understand the influence of sudden changes in training load on running injury occurrence, more studies are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Garmin-RUNSAFE Running Health Study on the aetiology of running-related injuries: rationale and design of an 18-month prospective cohort study including runners worldwide

et al. 2019

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IntroductionRunning injuries affect millions of persons every year and have become a substantial public health issue owing to the popularity of running. To ensure adherence to running, it is important to prevent injuries and to have an in-depth understanding of the aetiology of running injuries. The main purpose of the present paper was to describe the design of a future prospective cohort study exploring if a dose–response relationship exists between changes in training load and running injury occurrence, and how this association is modified by other variables.Methods and analysisIn this protocol, the design of an 18-month observational prospective cohort study is described that will include a minimum of 20 000 consenting runners who upload their running data to Garmin Connect and volunteer to be a part of the study. The primary outcome is running-related injuries categorised into the following states: (1) no injury; (2) a problem; and (3) injury. The primary exposure is change in training load (eg, running distance and the cumulative training load based on the number of strides, ground contact time, vertical oscillation and body weight). The change in training load is a time-dependent exposure in the sense that progression or regression can change many times during follow-up. Effect-measure modifiers include, but is not limited to, other types of sports activity, activity of daily living and demographics, and are assessed through questionnaires and/or by Garmin devices.Ethics and disseminationThe study design, procedures and informed consent have been evaluated by the Ethics Committee of the Central Denmark Region (Request number: 227/2016 – Record number: 1-10-72-189-16).

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Injury Prevention in Novice Runners: An Evidence-Based Approach and Literature Review

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Biomechanical Risk Factors Associated with Running-Related Injuries: A Systematic Review

Biomechanical Risk Factors Associated with Running-Related Injuries: A Systematic Review

“Couch-to-5k or Couch to Ouch to Couch!?” Who Takes Part in Beginner Runner Programmes in the UK and Is Non-Completion Linked to Musculoskeletal Injury?

The Garmin-RUNSAFE Running Health Study on the aetiology of running-related injuries: rationale and design of an 18-month prospective cohort study including runners worldwide

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