Injury pattern of suicide bomb attacks in Pakistan

Yasin, Mazhar; Nasreen, Ghazala; Malik, Sikandar Ali

doi:10.1007/s00068-011-0090-9

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…This is likely a result of the global work against landmines by both governmental and non-governmental bodies that resulted in the Ottawa treaty endorsed by a majority of states in 1997 prohibiting their use [ 12 ]. In-hospital mortality, although slightly higher among females, did not differ significantly between sexes, and the total figure of 4.8% is in line with other studies from the same geographical area reporting rates of 2.5–7.0% [ 9 , 13 , 14 ]. Females consumed more hospital resources per person than did males since they were subjected to more surgical procedures involving the skull, thorax and abdomen, had more procedures as a whole, and given more blood transfusions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Hospital Workload for Weapon‐Wounded Females Treated by the International Committee of the Red Cross: More Work Needed than for Males

et al. 2017

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BackgroundCivilians constitute 33–51% of victims in armed conflicts. Several reports on civilian injuries exist, but few have focused on injuries afflicting females. We analyzed routinely collected data on weapon-related injuries from the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) hospital in northwestern Pakistan in order to define injury patterns and types of surgical treatment for females.MethodsA total of 3028 patient files (376 females) from consecutively admitted patients to the ICRC-hospital in Peshawar from February 2009 to May 2012 were included. Information regarding injury-mechanism, time since injury, vital parameters at admission, type of injury, treatment and basic outcome was extracted from the files and analyzed. Comparisons between gender and age-groups were done by cross-table analyses or nonparametric tests.ResultsFemales were younger than males (20 vs. 25 years), arrived sooner after injury (24 vs. 48 h) (p < 0.001 for both) and were victims of bombs and missiles more frequently (64.4 vs. 54.6%) (p < 0.001). Vital parameters such as systolic blood pressure (110 vs. 113 mmHg) and pulse rate (100 vs. 86) were more affected at admission (p < 0.001 for both). Females were subjected to surgery (83.0 vs. 77.4%) (p < 0.05) and were given blood transfusions more often (18.8 vs. 13.6%) (p < 0.01). No differences in amputations or in-hospital mortality were found.ConclusionsFemales treated at the ICRC-hospital in northwestern Pakistan are markedly affected by indiscriminate weapons such as bombs and missiles. Their average consumption of surgery is greater than for males, and this might be relevant in planning for staffing and facility needs in similar contexts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Hospital Workload for Weapon‐Wounded Females Treated by the International Committee of the Red Cross: More Work Needed than for Males

et al. 2017

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“…The injury profile for suicide bombings in column (3) comes from a different data source. Yasin et al (2012) provide information from a 3-year study of 1296 multiple injuries from suicide bombing victims hospitalized in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Their study is relied on because the injury categorization is comparable to that in Edwards et al (2016).…”

Section: Injury Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

On the human consequences of terrorism

Arce

2018

Public Choice

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Terrorist attacks are regarded as low-probability, highly consequential events. What, exactly, are the significant effects of terrorism? This paper presents a cross-sectional depiction of the death and injury profiles for nine of the most violent terrorism tactics: six types of bombings, mass shootings, combined shootings and explosions, and intentional vehicular assaults. By constructing a composite injury and death profile for each tactic under study, terrorist incidents can be ranked in terms of the number of disability adjusted lives lost and disability adjusted life years lost. In addition, the human consequences of terrorism as a whole (on an annual basis) are placed in context relative to the global burden of disease and counterterror expenditures.

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“…So kommt es hier zu durchschnittlichen ISS-Werten von 21-30. ISS-Werte von > 25 bedingen zudem eine höhere Anzahl an Operationen, längere Intensivaufenthalte und Rehabilitationszeiten [16].…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

“…Der ISS-Wert der verstorbenen Patienten in der vorliegenden Arbeit ist mit 32,9 im Vergleich zu ISS-Werten von 25 bei den Überlebenden signifikant erhöht. Steigen die ISS-Werte bei Explosionsverletzten über 50, erreicht die Mortalität bis zu 90 % [16]. Andere Autoren bestätigen den ISS-Wert als Prädiktor der Mortalität bei abdominellen Schussverletzungen [17].…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

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Besonderheiten und Versorgung penetrierender Verletzungen am Beispiel von Schuss- und Explosionsopfern ohne ballistischen Körperschutz in Afghanistan (2009 – 2013)

et al. 2017

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Much like other countries, Germany has recently seen terrorist attacks being planned, executed or prevented at the last minute. This highlights the need for expertise in the treatment of penetrating torso traumas by bullets or explosions. Data on the treatment of firearm injuries and, even more so, blast injuries often stems from crises or war regions. However, it is difficult to compare injuries from such regions with injuries from civilian terrorist attacks due to the ballistic body protection (protective vests, body armour) worn by soldiers. An analysis was performed based on data from patients who were treated in the German Military Hospital Mazar-e Sharif for gunshots or injuries from explosions in the years 2009 to 2013. The data selection was based on patients with penetrating injuries to the thorax and/or abdomen. For better comparability with civilian attack scenarios, this study only included civilian patients without ballistic body protection (body armour, protective vests). Out of 117 analysed patients, 58 were affected by firearms and 59 by explosive injuries of the thorax or abdomen. 60% of patients had a thoracic injury, 69% had an abdominal injury, and 25.6% had combined thoracic-abdominal injuries. Blast injury patients were significantly more affected by thoracic trauma. As regards abdominal injuries, liver, intestinal, and colonic lesions were leading in number. Patients with blast injuries had significantly more injured organs and a significantly higher ISS averaging 29. 26% of the shot patients and 41% of the blast wounded patients received Damage Control Surgery (DCS). Despite a lower ISS, gunshot victims did not have a lower total number of operations per patient. Overall mortality was 13.7% (10.3% gunshot wounds, 16.7% blast injury). The highest mortality rate (25.7%) was recorded for patients with combined thoracoabdominal injuries (vs. 8.3% for thoracic and 8.7% for abdominal injuries). The ISS of deceased patients was significantly higher at 32.9%. Patients without ballistic protection of the torso have high mortality rates, especially when suffering thoracoabdominal blast injuries. Blast injuries frequently lead to the DCS indication. The care of firearm and blast injury patients requires knowledge and competence in the damage control procedures for thorax and abdomen.

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Injury pattern of suicide bomb attacks in Pakistan

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Hospital Workload for Weapon‐Wounded Females Treated by the International Committee of the Red Cross: More Work Needed than for Males

Hospital Workload for Weapon‐Wounded Females Treated by the International Committee of the Red Cross: More Work Needed than for Males

On the human consequences of terrorism

Besonderheiten und Versorgung penetrierender Verletzungen am Beispiel von Schuss- und Explosionsopfern ohne ballistischen Körperschutz in Afghanistan (2009 – 2013)

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