Injury mechanism of midfacial fractures in football causes in over 40% typical neurological symptoms of minor brain injuries

Krutsch, Volker; Geßlein, Markus; Loose, Oliver; Weber, Johannes; Nerlich, Michael; Gaensslen, A.; Bonkowsky, V.; Krutsch, Werner

doi:10.1007/s00167-017-4431-z

Cited by 14 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Almost 80% of head impacts detected by video analysis had not been documented in the insurance registry, which represents a large proportion of head injuries with unclear clinical impact or consequences. Potential sub-concussive head impacts may remain undetected by physicians and hence not be registered with the accident insurance company [ 19 ]. The results of this study and previous studies show that video analysis of sports injuries in professional football is still an established tool for analysing football injuries including head injuries in sports-statistical research [ 15 , 21 – 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This insurance covers the costs of traumatic injuries sustained by salaried athletes in training sessions and matches in German football. Head injuries are recognised as typical contact injuries and should therefore be included in the registry of the accident insurance [ 13 , 19 ]. Because playing football constitutes the occupational activity of professional football players, head injuries in matches and training sessions represent occupational accidents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Head injuries in professional football (soccer): Results of video analysis verified by an accident insurance registry

Krutsch

Härtl

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Background Video analysis is one of the most commonly applied methods for analysing football injuries. Purpose The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of video analysis for recording head injuries in professional football from official matches in the four highest men’s professional football leagues in Germany. Methods In this cohort study, head injuries detected by means of video analysis of all official matches over one season (2017–18) were compared to head injuries registered with the German statutory accident insurance. Results Our video analysis yielded 359 head injuries of 287 players. The comparison of head injuries found in our video analysis to those registered with the accident insurance only yielded a match in 23.1% (n = 83), which presents a rather low verification rate. The verification rates varied between the leagues (7.0–30.8%). All injuries documented in the accident insurance registry were found in the video analysis (100%). The types of head injury most often verified by the accident insurance registry (n = 83) were contusion (43.4%), bone fractures (19.3%) and skin lacerations (18.1%). Only 66 of the 359 head injuries (18.4%) resulted in absence from at least one training session and involved a mean time loss of 18.5 days (1–87 days). Conclusion The mismatch between the number of head injuries found in the video analysis and head injuries registered with the accident insurance is an important methodological issue in scientific research. The low verification rate seems to be due to the unclear correlation between injury severity and clinical consequences of head injuries detected by means of video analysis and the failure of football clubs to register minor head injuries with the accident insurance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head injuries in professional football (soccer): Results of video analysis verified by an accident insurance registry

Krutsch

Härtl

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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“…Je höher der Ballinnendruck ist, desto mehr verhalten sich die mechanischen Eigenschaften wie die des sogenannten elastischen Stoßes. [32]. Es sollte zusätzlich auch darauf geachtet werden, dass Verletzungen der Halswirbelsäule nicht übersehen werden, da sie bei denselben Verletzungsmechanismen wie beim Schädelhirntrauma auftreten können [14,20].…”

Section: Der Fußball Und Seine Mechanischen Eigenschaftenunclassified

“…Um Verdachtsmomente und Symptome von Schädelhirntraumen im Sport zu erkennen, sollten auch für medizinische Laien wie Trainer Schulungen durchgeführt werden, damit bei Verdacht der Spieler in eine professionelle medizinische Behandlung weitergeleitet werden kann [14, 39 -41]. Typische Kopfverletzungen, bei denen Gehirnerschütterungen als unauffällige Begleiterscheinung häufig übersehen und nicht weiter adressiert werden, sind blutende Gesichtsverletzungen, zu denen vor allem Nasenbeinfrakturen oder andere Mittelgesichtsfrakturen gehören [10,32,45,55]. Nur in sehr seltenen [3,6,14].…”

Section: Der Fußball Und Seine Mechanischen Eigenschaftenunclassified

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Prävention von Gehirnerschütterungen im Juniorenfußball – Ist eine Abschaffung des Kopfballspiels notwendig?

Krutsch¹,

Krutsch²,

Jansen³

et al. 2017

Sportverletz Sportschaden

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Football, the most popular sports worldwide, is associated with a high number of injuries. Head and brain injuries in football are less frequent, but may result in severe long-term damage. The mechanisms of these injuries in football are multifactorial, and the ball is rarely the main cause of a head injury. Short-term, medium-term and long-term consequences of headings in football are insufficiently examined, and there are hardly any case reports about severe episodes. Heading has been banned in US junior football since November 2015, which is understandable considering the higher risk for head injuries in popular American sports such as ice hockey or American football and people's fear associated with this risk. However, the decision to ban heading in football is not based on scientific results, and different experiences have been made in European football. Therefore, this decision should not simply be transferred to Europe. In fact, other injury prevention strategies for head injuries in junior football are necessary, such as the adaptation of ball sizes, which has already been implemented. It is not necessary to change match rules in the form of a general ban on heading in football. Further scientific studies are needed for standardisation in football worldwide.

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Video analysis of heading and risk of head injury situations in elite international men's football: Does the frequency of headers increase with the level of play?

Huber,

Szymski,

Krutsch

et al. 2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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Football is the only sport in which the ball can be played with the head. Therefore, compared to other ball team sports, head injuries are quite common. Headers and head injuries are dreaded to cause severe neurological impairments in long‐term, but there is still a lack of data on how often headers are performed in different levels and how often head injuries occur. In a prospective cohort study, all heading situations as well as incidents with a propensity of injury (critical incidents) of 45 elite‐level international matches were analyzed using a standardized video analysis protocol and compared to existing data from German professional leagues. A total of 3670 headers were recorded in 4050 match minutes (0.9 headers/minute). A mean of 81.5 headers per game (SD = 18.4) and 3.7 headers per player and match (SD = 0.8) was found. Compared to a cohort group of the German Bundesliga and 2nd Bundesliga, a significant reduction of −33.8 headers per game (p < 0.01) and 1.7 per player and match was found. A total of 18 risk of injury situations were recorded giving a rate per match of 0.4 (SD = 0.6). In comparison to the German league data, this also displayed a reduction. The incidence rate was 266 risk of injury situations per 1000 h match exposure, which was far below the rates of German national data (314/1000 h) and correlated with the frequency of headers performed.

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Injury mechanism of midfacial fractures in football causes in over 40% typical neurological symptoms of minor brain injuries

Abstract: Level III.

Cited by 14 publications

References 48 publications

Head injuries in professional football (soccer): Results of video analysis verified by an accident insurance registry

Head injuries in professional football (soccer): Results of video analysis verified by an accident insurance registry

Prävention von Gehirnerschütterungen im Juniorenfußball – Ist eine Abschaffung des Kopfballspiels notwendig?

Video analysis of heading and risk of head injury situations in elite international men's football: Does the frequency of headers increase with the level of play?

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