Injury‐induced neural stem/progenitor cells in post‐stroke human cerebral cortex

Abstract

Increasing evidence points to accelerated neurogenesis after stroke, and support of such endogenous neurogenesis has been shown to improve stroke outcome in experimental animal models. The present study analyses post-stroke cerebral cortex after cardiogenic embolism in autoptic human brain. Induction of nestin- and musashi-1-positive cells, potential neural stem/progenitor cells, was observed at the site of ischemic lesions from day 1 after stroke. These two cell populations were present at distinct locations and displayed different temporal profiles of marker expression. However, no surviving differentiated mature neural cells were observed by 90 days after stroke in the previously ischemic region. Consistent with recent reports of neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex after induction of stroke in rodent models, the present current data indicate the presence of a regional regenerative response in human cerebral cortex. Furthermore, observations underline the potential importance of supporting survival and differentiation of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells in post-stroke human brain.

Rho/ROCK pathway is essential to the expansion, differentiation, and morphological rearrangements of human neural stem/progenitor cells induced by lysophosphatidic acid

“…They have been reported to migrate to sites of injury and tumors ( 71 ), effects likely to be linked to the repair of damaged tissue. Furthermore, evidence suggests that NS/PCs contribute to neurogenesis in the adult mouse and human following stroke ( 72,73 ). Similar data were observed following brain injury in the juvenile rat Supplemental Material can be found at:…”

Estrogen Enhances Neurogenesis and Behavioral Recovery after Stroke

“…Global and focal ischemic insults induce rapid proliferation within these regions in both animal models and in humans (Nakayama et al, 2010), and redirect neuroblast migration toward the injured cortex and striatum. These early neurons can form synapses with neighboring cells, although the contribution of these cells to neurologic recovery is not yet known (Hou et al, 2008).…”

Nestin-Positive Ependymal Cells Are Increased in the Human Spinal Cord after Traumatic Central Nervous System Injury

“…Additionally, in cases in which cause of death was a collapse or myocardial event, there was no indication whether the individual suffered from a brain or spinal cord injury as part of an ensuing fall, possibly confounding the situation and representing a traumatic event. It is of interest to note here that the causes of death from the donor study conducted by Dromard and colleagues were either stroke (ischemia) implicated in eliciting a response from neural progenitor cells in the brain, 32,33 or unspecified MVA (trauma). Presently, beta amyloid precursor protein (b-APP) staining for swollen axons is a useful technique for commenting on the likely survival time following injury to the CNS, as the earliest signs of diffuse axonal injury occur at least a half hour post-injury.…”