Injury, illness, and disability risk in American seafarers

Lefkowitz, Rafael Y.; Slade, Martin D.; Redlich, Carrie A.

doi:10.1002/ajim.22802

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Our findings agree with previous research, regardless of differences in data sources comprising self-reported data,9 American telemedicine data8 and data on hospitalisation,6 of which all have demonstrated approximately an 1.6 times higher risk for injuries in non-officers than in officers. Higher injury rates in non-officers compared with officers can be accounted for mainly by the fact that non-officers’ work simply consists of more manual work, in which they are more exposed to injuries than officers whose work tasks primarily are non-manual.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…We are not aware of any prior studies that have examined the association between age, occupation, nationality or any other determinants and specific types of injuries among seafarers. However, a previous study from the USA, although not addressing specifically these associations, demonstrated a distribution of seafarer injuries by injured body part8 which is quite similar to the distribution of injuries in the present study: the proportions of the combined category of upper and lower limb injuries, for instance, in our and the American study were 54% and 60%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Age and nationality in relation to injuries at sea among officers and non-officers: a study based on contacts from ships to Telemedical Assistance Service in Denmark

et al. 2019

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ObjectivesCharacterisation of worker injuries on board merchant ships is modest. Using telemedical service contacts in Denmark, we describe the worker injuries patterns and factors related to injury incidence.MethodsThe data for this study were based on contacts (n=1401) from ships to Telemedical Assistance Service (TMAS) in Denmark in 2004–2014, which were supplemented with data on the annual estimation of all seafarers from the Danish Maritime Authority (n=73 336). The final data included information on broad age groups, occupation and nationality. The outcomes were injuries from any cause and six broad categories of injuries characterised by anatomic location or type of injury.ResultsDuring the observation period of 11 years, there were 1401 contacts to TMAS due to injuries, of which 36% were in upper limb, 18% in lower limb and 13% in the head. Age-adjusted incidence rates for all injuries varied between 13.6 and 26.8 incidences per 1000 person-years in 2004–2014. In most types of injuries, younger and older seafarers had higher risk for injuries than seafarers aged 30–49 years. Depending on the type of injury, non-officers had threefold to fivefold increased odds of injuries compared with officers, the risk being highest for head injuries with an OR of 5.00 (95% CI 3.19 to 7.83). Non-officers from the European Union (EU) had higher risk in most types of injuries than non-officers from outside the EU, whereas the pattern of this risk was inverse among officers.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that non-officers and European seafarers have an increased risk for several types of injuries on board Danish-flagged merchant ships. Additionally, age affected risk with the younger (<30 years) and older (>50 years) seafarers having increased risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Age and nationality in relation to injuries at sea among officers and non-officers: a study based on contacts from ships to Telemedical Assistance Service in Denmark

et al. 2019

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“…There is an insufficient amount of studies regarding the effects of length of seafarers' stay on board with medical repatriation. Based on the study done previously [7], there also have not been other studies regarding causes of seafarer repatriations from the Philippines. This is important to have an insight on appropriate health interventions depending on the length of stay of seafarers, an understudied economic body of great importance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Residing far from land inside the vessel, seafarers are susceptible to occupational hazards and emergency medical condition with limited access to medical care and treatment options. Therefore, screening protocol implementation from clinics which offer pre-employment and occupa-tional health interventions are enforced among seafarers to avoid medical repatriation while they are on board [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does long-term length of stay on board affect the repatriation rates of seafarers?

Abaya¹,

Rivera²,

Roldan³

et al. 2018

International Maritime Health

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Background: The length of seafarers' contract has undergone scrutiny regarding the health, welfare, and fatigue of the crew. This study investigates whether a stay of more than 200 days can increase the risk of medical repatriation among Filipino seafarers. Materials and methods: We reviewed the number of medical repatriations from January 2014 to December 2016, specifically those who were repatriated after more than 200 days on board. We used WHO ICD-10 classification to categorise diseases and medical events that cause the repatriation, and classified them under "Injury" or "Illness" as defined by the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification Manual. We also separated those who worked on cargo vessels as well as those who worked on passenger ships. We requested for the total number of seafarers who worked longer than 200 days on board. After calculating a repatriation rate for this specific group of long-term workers, we then compared this with a previous study. Chi-square analysis and regression analysis were applied to analyse the data comparing the passenger versus cargo ships repatriation rates. Results: There were a total of 840 cases of long-term repatriations in this study for the 3 year period. The total number of crew who had stayed for more than 200 days was 51,830. The different causes of repatriation are presented. Repatriation rates are also shown and a study of the regular stay and long term contracts are also compared. Conclusions: There are various disease entities significantly higher in the long term work group. We offer some possible explanations for some of these differences in repatriation rates. This data could be useful in planning of schedules, work hours and contracts as well as the prevention of disease in seafarers.

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“…We assessed each selected study on 8 items and assigned up to a maximum of 9 points in 3 areas, including selection, comparability, and outcomes of interest with detailed analysis. As a result, we evaluated the quality of the selected studies based on agreed category scores ranging from 0 to 9: low quality (0-4), moderate quality (5)(6), and high quality (7)(8)(9). The assessment of the title and abstracts was performed by two (G.G.S.…”

Section: Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past, present, and future perspectives of telemedical assistance at sea: a systematic review

Sagaro

Amenta

2020

International Maritime Health

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Background: Telemedicine is an effective technology for evaluating, diagnosing, treating, and providing health care services for remote populations, including seafarers, in case of diseases or accidents on board. Delivery of telemedicine in a maritime environment is not an easy task and, in general, differs from what can be done onshore. The aim of this review is to provides an overview of Telemedical Maritime Assistance Services (TMAS) in Europe by describing the previous and current status in terms of communication technologies as well as the nature of services rendered at sea. Secondly, to discuss the areas needing improvement and future directions to improve the quality of offshore telemedicine services.

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Injury, illness, and disability risk in American seafarers

Abstract: Additional research in this vital American workforce may be useful to confirm these findings forming a basis for preventive interventions.

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Age and nationality in relation to injuries at sea among officers and non-officers: a study based on contacts from ships to Telemedical Assistance Service in Denmark

Age and nationality in relation to injuries at sea among officers and non-officers: a study based on contacts from ships to Telemedical Assistance Service in Denmark

Does long-term length of stay on board affect the repatriation rates of seafarers?

Past, present, and future perspectives of telemedical assistance at sea: a systematic review

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