Injury and Cost Comparison of Restrained and Unrestrained Motor Vehicle Crash Victims

Reath, David B.; Kirby, Jackie; Maull, Kimball I.

doi:10.1097/00005373-198908000-00018

Cited by 46 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Preventive legislation (speed limits, alcohol restriction, use of helmets, shoulder and seat restraints), improved road construction measures and vehicle safety modifications (safety glass, padded dash boards, stronger frames, collapsible steering columns, airbags) have led to a significant decrease in the incidence and severity of road traffic accidents (RTA) in some countries 2,97,129,122 . There has also been a corresponding decrease in the incidence and severity of CMF injuries, particularly in children below the age of 10 years 4,51,66,105,[122][123][124] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric facial fractures: recent advances in prevention, diagnosis and management

Zimmermann

Troulis

Kaban

2005

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

162

290

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During the last 25 years, there have been considerable advances in the prevention, diagnosis and management of craniomaxillofacial injuries in children. When compared to adults, the pattern of fractures and frequency of associated injuries are similar but the overall incidence is much lower. Diagnosis is more difficult than in adults and fractures are easily overlooked. Clinical diagnosis is best confirmed by computed tomographic (CT) scans. Treatment is usually performed without delay and can be limited to observation or closed reduction in non-displaced or minimally displaced fractures. Operative management should involve minimal manipulation and may be modified by the stage of skeletal and dental development. Open reduction and rigid internal fixation is indicated for severely displaced fractures. Primary bone grafting is preferred over secondary reconstruction and alloplastic materials should be avoided when possible. Children require long-term follow-up to monitor potential growth abnormalities. This article is a review of the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of facial fractures in children.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric facial fractures: recent advances in prevention, diagnosis and management

Zimmermann

Troulis

Kaban

2005

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

162

290

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“…The use of seat belts has been reported to be protective against fatalities and severity of injury following motor vehicle collisions [16–20], and has been shown to help in reduction of health care costs associated with accident victims [18,19,21,22]. Prior investigations have shown that the combined use of airbags and seat belts can reduce the incidence of spine injuries [11,23], but the use of seat belts alone has either shown no difference in the incidence of spine injuries [24], or shown an increase in the incidence of spine injuries [11,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupant and crash characteristics in thoracic and lumbar spine injuries resulting from motor vehicle collisions

et al. 2014

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Background context Motor vehicle collisions (MVC) are a leading cause of thoracic and lumbar (T and L) spine injuries. Mechanisms of injury in vehicular crashes that result in thoracic and lumbar fractures and the spectrum of injury in these occupants have not been extensively studied in the literature. Purpose The objective was to investigate the patterns of T and L spine injury following MVC; correlate these patterns with restraint use, crash characteristics and demographic variables; and study the associations of these injuries with general injury morbidity and fatality. Study design/Setting Retrospective study of a prospectively gathered database. Patient sample Six hundred and thirty-one occupants with T and L (T1-L5) spine injuries from 4572 occupants included in the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) database between 1996 and 2011. Outcome measures No clinical outcome measures were evaluated in this study. Methods The CIREN database includes moderate to severely injured occupants from MVC involving vehicles manufactured recently. Demographic, injury and crash data from each patient was analyzed for correlations between pattern of T and L spine injury, associated extra-spinal injuries and overall injury severity score (ISS), type and use of seat belts, and other crash characteristics. T and L spine injury pattern was categorized using a modified Denis classification, to include extension injuries as a separate entity. Results T and L spine injuries were identified in 631 of 4572 vehicle occupants, of whom 299 sustained major injuries (including 21 extension injuries) and 332 sustained minor injuries. Flexion-distraction injuries were more prevalent in children and young adults, and extension injuries in older adults (mean age 65.7 years). Occupants with extension injuries had a mean BMI of 36.0 and a fatality rate of 23.8%, much higher than the fatality rate for the entire cohort (10.9%). The most frequent extra-spinal injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale grade 2 or more) associated with T and L spine injuries involved the chest (seen in 65.6% of 631 occupants). In contrast to occupants with major T and L spine injuries, those with minor T and L spine injuries showed a strikingly greater association with pelvic and abdominal injuries. Occupants with minor T and L spine injuries had a higher mean ISS (27.1) than those with major T and L spine injuries (25.6). Among occupants wearing a three-point seat belt, 35.3% sustained T and L spine injuries, while only 11.6% of the unbelted occupants sustained T and L spine injuries. Three-point belted individuals were more likely to sustain burst fractures, while two-point belted occupants sustained flexion-distraction injuries most often, and unbelted occupants had a predilection for fracture-dislocations of the T and L spine. Three-point seat belts were protective against neurologic injury, higher ISS and fatality. Conclusions T and L spine fracture patterns are influenced by age of occupant and type and use of seat belts. Despite a r...

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“…Preventive legislation (speed limits, alcohol restriction, use of helmets, shoulder and seat restraints), improved road construction measures and vehicle safety modifications (safety glass, padded dash boards, stronger frames, collapsible steering columns, airbags) have led to a significant decrease in the incidence and severity of road traffic accidents (RTA) in some countries 2,97,129,122 . Preventive legislation (speed limits, alcohol restriction, use of helmets, shoulder and seat restraints), improved road construction measures and vehicle safety modifications (safety glass, padded dash boards, stronger frames, collapsible steering columns, airbags) have led to a significant decrease in the incidence and severity of road traffic accidents (RTA) in some countries 2,97,129,122 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric facial fractures: recent advances in prevention, diagnosis and management

Zimmermann

Troulis

Kaban

2006

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

272

170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Injury and Cost Comparison of Restrained and Unrestrained Motor Vehicle Crash Victims

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Pediatric facial fractures: recent advances in prevention, diagnosis and management

Pediatric facial fractures: recent advances in prevention, diagnosis and management

Occupant and crash characteristics in thoracic and lumbar spine injuries resulting from motor vehicle collisions

Pediatric facial fractures: recent advances in prevention, diagnosis and management

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