Injuries to neck structures in deaths due to constriction of neck, with a special reference to hanging

Study of Violent Asphyxial Deaths in Chitradurga district of Karnataka

“…The asphyxial deaths was more in age group of 21-30yrs ( 38.89 %) which can be compared to other studies 3,5,7,10 , followed by the age group 31-40yrs ( 33.33%) which goes in favour of another study. 7 Males predominance was noticed in our study and male to female ratio is 3:1.…”

“…2 Asphyxial deaths may be caused by different methods, such as hanging, strangulation (manual and ligature), suffocations (environmental, smothering, choking, mechanical and suffocating gases), chemical asphyxia (carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulphide) and drowning. 3 Violent asphyxial deaths have contributed considerably to unnatural homicidal, suicidal and accidental deaths. 4 So it is essential to diagnose and differentiate between different asphyxial deaths, especially between hanging and strangulation by ligature.…”

Suicidal Hanging in Eskisehir, Turkey: 25 Year Analysis

“…In a study conducted by Rao and his colleagues in India, it was reported that 88% of the cases of hangings were full hangings [30]. In the study conducted by Sharma et al this ratio was 68% [23]. In the present study, 413 of the cases (81.8%) were determined as full hangings based on the data obtained from the crime scene investigation records.…”

“…The hangings in the form that the body does not touch anywhere are called full hanging [1,13,41]. In the literature related to hanging, it is reported that full hanging is most frequently encountered [23,25,30,42]. In the study conducted in Samsun, it was reported that 77.1% of the cases were full hangings [42].…”

“…Neck region should be examined in detail during autopsy. Hemorrhage and ecchymoses in soft tissues under neck skin, ecchymotic fractures in hyoid bone and troit cartilage support that hanging has been performed while the person is alive [2,3,16,17,[22][23][24][25][26]. Whether the person was affected by a substance or alcohol at a level that could make him/her ineffective before death should be investigated by performing toxicological examination [2,[27][28][29].…”