Injuries in elite road cyclists during competition in one UCI WorldTour season: a prospective epidemiological study of incidence and injury burden

Edler, Christopher; Droste, Jan-Niklas; Anemüller, Ruben; Pietsch, Albrecht; Gebhardt, M.; Riepenhof, Helge

doi:10.1080/00913847.2021.2009744

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…When comparing the injuries in racing per 1000 hrs, our overall injury incidence rates (7.6/1000 hrs) are lower than those seen in previous studies in the DHMTB[4, 35] and enduro[15]; however, they are similar to those seen within elite competition road cycling studies. [36, 37] The greater injury trends among female athletes observed in this study are similar to those observed in prospective cycling studies of pro-enduro athletes [15]. However, these sports differ from team-based sports in that there is no difference between male and female injury incidence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

The downhill race for a Rainbow jersey. The Epidemiology of Injuries in Downhill Mountain Biking at the 2023 UCI Cycling World Championships using the International Olympic Committee Consensus: A Prospective Cohort Study

Fallon,

Palmer,

Bigard

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Introduction Downhill Mountain Biking (DHMTB) is one of the more spectacular sub-disciplines of mountain bike (MTB) cycling. The primary aim of our study was to prospectively document the injury rate, severity, aetiology, location and type during official training and racing by elite DHMTB riders during the 2023 UCI Cycling World Championships. Methods The participants of this prospective, observational study were elite male and female cyclists competing at the UCI DHMTB World Championships located in the Nevis range in Fort William, Scotland, in 2023. This study followed the injury reporting guidelines established by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which include the STROBE-SIIS and the cycling-specific extension. Results Throughout the championships, 10.4% of riders sustained one injury, with 4.3% of riders injuring more than one location per injury event. The overall injury incidence was 3.3 injuries per 100 rides. The incidence rates were higher in the training group (6.4/100rides) than in the race group (2.3/100rides). There was a greater incidence of injury in females in the training 5.7/100 rides and racing 4.4/100rides compared to male riders. Female athletes experienced more severe injuries, with double the estimated time lost to injury. Additionally, female athletes were found to have a significantly greater risk of head injuries and concussions than males. Conclusion Overall, injuries are more prevalent in training than in competition. Compared with male DHMTB athletes, female DHMTB athletes are more at risk of injury and show a greater incidence of injury within official training and competition as well as more severe injuries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

The downhill race for a Rainbow jersey. The Epidemiology of Injuries in Downhill Mountain Biking at the 2023 UCI Cycling World Championships using the International Olympic Committee Consensus: A Prospective Cohort Study

Fallon,

Palmer,

Bigard

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Because of the methodology using publicly available data on COVID-19 cases and quarantine measures, there are justified concerns about the possible risk of bias. Due to missing data or over- and under-interpretation, as well as the national differences regarding quarantine and isolation times as well as non-pharmaceutical measures, we did not perform a statistical test or comparison of the case occurrence probability among the leagues [ 64 ]. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19-related measures did not vary only between nations and leagues; there was also a responsive change over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in European Soccer: A Public 2-Year Comparison of COVID-19 Case Management and Case Characteristics between the 1st Bundesliga, La Liga, Serie A and the Premier League

Droste

Marshall²,

Borte

et al. 2022

Life

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To evaluate the extent and characteristics of COVID-19 cases in relation to environmental COVID-19 incidences in the four best European soccer leagues (Bundesliga, Premier League, Serie A and La Liga) from the first of January 2020 until the end of January 2022. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of all publicly available COVID-19 cases in the studied cohorts was performed. The 14-day case incidences from epidemiological national data were used as reference values. The leagues studied are the Bundesliga (Germany), Premier League (Great Britain), Serie A (Italy) and La Liga (Spain). For all cases, the duration of time loss and date of case notification were recorded. Results: League-specific mean time loss due to disease or quarantine per COVID-19 case differs significantly between La Liga (11.45; ±5.21 days) and the other leagues studied (Bundesliga 20.41; ±33.87; p 0.0242; Premier League 17.12; ±10.39; p 0.0001; Serie A 17.61; ±12.71; p < 0.0001). A positive correlation between 14-day national incidence with COVID-19 disease occurrence in soccer leagues was found for all leagues studied. The correlations were strong in the Bundesliga (r 0.5911; CI 0.4249–0.7187; p < 0.0001), Serie A (r 0.5979; CI 0.4336–0.7238; p < 0.0001) and La Liga (r 0.5251; CI 0.3432–0.6690; p < 0.0001). A moderate correlation was found for the Premier League (r 0.3308; CI 0.1147–0.5169; p 0.0026). Odds ratios for altered environmental case risk in the cohorts studied could be calculated for four different national COVID-19 incidence levels (<50/100.000 to >500/100.000). A trend towards shorter COVID-19 case duration in the second half of 2021 was shown for all leagues studied. Conclusions: There was a significantly lower mean time-loss caused by a COVID-19 infection for cases occurred in La Liga compared with the other three leagues studied. For all four leagues studied, a positive, significant correlation of national environmental COVID-19 incidence level and the incidence of COVID-19 cases in the cohort of a football league was found.

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“…Thus, cycling is an umbrella term for several individual sporting disciplines. The scientific evidence suggests that undertaking regular cycling activities is associated with general health and well-being benefits and is encouraged within the United Kingdom (UK) Chief Medical Officers’ guidelines for physical activity promotion in the general population as well as the comparable guidelines in the USA 2–8…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the health benefits of participating in cycling activities are clear, athletes, particularly professionals at the elite end of the spectrum, can develop injuries and illnesses related to their cycling activities. These can interfere with their ability to train and compete as individuals and as a team 8 9. In the first systematic review of road cycling injuries, skin abrasions, lacerations and haematomas were the most common injuries identified, followed by fractures (the most common fracture being the clavicle), concussions and musculotendinous injuries 9.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, this review highlighted the lack of prospective injury surveillance studies within cycling and the inconsistent methods employed to measure the injuries 9. However, of the prospective injury surveillance studies in cycling that have been done, none have documented and compared injuries and illness in all the cycling disciplines, including paracycling, using the latest IOC Consensus statement on epidemiology reporting in sport, including the extension for reporting injuries and illness in cycling 8–14. Thus, there is a clear need for a study comparing injury rates in the different cycling disciplines using consistent, reproducible and comparable methods 9–11 13–15.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of injuries at the 2023 UCI cycling world championships using the International Olympic Consensus: a protocol for a prospective cohort study

Heron,

Bigard,

Elliott

et al. 2024

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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The sport of cycling consists of several individual sporting disciplines. Indeed, the world governing body for cycling, Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), oversees the various cycling disciplines, with each of these disciplines having a number of subcategories. While several sports have undertaken prospective injury surveillance studies to understand the risks of their sport, plan event medical support and develop prevention programmes, limited high-quality studies have been undertaken within cycling. Indeed, this is the first prospective study of cycling injuries, particularly when considering the whole sport of cycling together. This current study will therefore aim to describe the incidence, severity, burden and nature of injuries within elite cycling in those athletes participating across 13 championship events at the inaugural World Championships, Glasgow, August 2023. Injury and exposure definitions will be in line with the IOC Consensus for injury surveillance in cycling. Injury incidence will be reported per 1000 athlete match hours or per number of athletes/cyclists and injury severity will be assessed via estimated median or mean days lost to training/competition. Meanwhile injury burden will be assessed via days of absence/1000 athlete match hours (or per number of athletes exposed) and all these results will be compared between male and female cyclists. This paper will also report the most common specific injuries for male and female cyclists (per 1000 hours of participation or per number of athletes exposed). Statistical differences will be tested for incidence or severity measures between sexes and will be compared to other sports.

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Injuries in elite road cyclists during competition in one UCI WorldTour season: a prospective epidemiological study of incidence and injury burden

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

The downhill race for a Rainbow jersey. The Epidemiology of Injuries in Downhill Mountain Biking at the 2023 UCI Cycling World Championships using the International Olympic Committee Consensus: A Prospective Cohort Study

The downhill race for a Rainbow jersey. The Epidemiology of Injuries in Downhill Mountain Biking at the 2023 UCI Cycling World Championships using the International Olympic Committee Consensus: A Prospective Cohort Study

COVID-19 in European Soccer: A Public 2-Year Comparison of COVID-19 Case Management and Case Characteristics between the 1st Bundesliga, La Liga, Serie A and the Premier League

Epidemiology of injuries at the 2023 UCI cycling world championships using the International Olympic Consensus: a protocol for a prospective cohort study

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