Injuries associated with golf: A qualitative study

Qureshi, Ammal Imran; Khan, Mohammad Noah; Saeed, Hamayle; Yawar, Bakht; Malik, Misbah; Saghir, Mariam; Khan, Arif Hasan

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103899

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Data from 10,437 subjects were extracted across the 58 studies included in this systematic review (1)(2)(3)(4)11,12,14,19,20,(23)(24)(25)(26)28,(30)(31)(32)(33)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)54,56,59,(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(76)(77)(78)…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recreational golfers (n 5 29 studies (4,11,12,14,19,23,24,26,28,30,36,38,40,45,46,(48)(49)(50)56,62,64,65,(71)(72)(73)(76)(77)(78)85) and approximately 7874 subjects), the most injured area in the body reported was the lumbar spine (lower back) with 28% of the reported injuries. This was followed by elbow (19%), shoulder (15%), knee (9%), and then wrist (9%) injuries.…”

Section: Golf Injuries By Anatomical Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injury Profiles of Elite, Semielite, and Recreational Golfers, and Their Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review

Garrett,

Beaumont,

van den Hoek

et al. 2024

Journal of Strength &Amp; Conditioning Research

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Garrett, JM, Beaumont, PL, van den Hoek, DJ, Veugelers, K, Schmitz, M, and Bennett, H. Injury profiles of elite, semielite, and recreational golfers, and their associated risk factors: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1157–1176, 2024—Golf is one of the most participated sports played worldwide. However, how injury distributions change between different golf populations is unknown, and associated injury risk factors are unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to describe the common musculoskeletal injuries in different golf populations and identify their associated risk factors. A systematic search was performed to identify eligible articles through PubMed, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, and Scopus up until September 4, 2023. Of the 4643 studies identified, 58 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Data from 10,437 subjects were extracted, with the most common area of injury to all golf populations being the lower back. Different injury distributions were found between populations with elite male golfers (n = 1924 injuries, 62% of all injuries) and recreational male golfers (n = 442 injuries, 45% of all injuries) reporting the trunk as the most injured region, whereas upper-extremity injuries were the most prevalent injury in elite female golfers (n = 890 injuries, 42% of all injuries) and recreational female golfers (n = 178 injuries, 47% of all injuries). Range-of-motion deficits at the hip and spine were identified as risk factors for elite golfers, whereas measures of lower-limb and trunk strength endurance were identified as risk factors for recreational golfers, suggesting areas of focus for golf practitioners. However, there is a paucity of robust studies evaluating the epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries in all golf populations, and because of the variety of methods and measures used, detailed comparisons and definitive recommendations were difficult to make. Nonetheless, this review provides an overview of the common golf injuries and possible risk factors, which can aid partitioners in developing strategies for injury prevention for all golfing demographics.

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Golf Injuries By Anatomical Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury Profiles of Elite, Semielite, and Recreational Golfers, and Their Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review

Garrett,

Beaumont,

van den Hoek

et al. 2024

Journal of Strength &Amp; Conditioning Research

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“…Spine movements that occur during the swing include flexion/extension, lateral flexion, and significant rotation. The lumbar spine is cited by many as the most common anatomic region of injury in both amateur and professional golfers of all ages, comprising approximately one-third of all golf injuries (6,8,10,11,14,17,20,21). The lower lumbar segments of the trail side are commonly affected due to the asymmetric combination of pelvic rotation, lumbar spine extension, and lateral bending (6,8).…”

Section: Spinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this cohort, the inability to perform an overhead deep squat, bridge, toe touch, or maintain balance on a single leg was correlated with common swing faults including early hip extension, loss of posture, and improper slide during the golf swing (9). Faults, such as these decrease a golfer's ability to efficiently and properly strike a golf ball, often leading to inconsistent ball striking and increased injury risk (3,8–10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proper warm-up programs and the incorporation of structured strength training have shown promising results (13)(14)(15). A proper warm-up has been shown to decrease injury significantly in all levels of golfers (3,10). Gosheger et al (7) found that the dedicated warm-up routine should be greater than 10 min to significantly reduce the number of golf-related injuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Etiology and Prevention of Common Injuries in Golf

Hasley,

Ostby,

Fjosne

et al. 2023

Curr Sports Med Rep

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Golf is a popular sport played by individuals of varying age and skillsets. The golf swing is unique and complex, creating potential for various musculoskeletal injuries in both amateur and professional golfers. Understanding the basic biomechanics of the golf swing and its relation to injury etiology can assist the health care provider in recognizing and preventing musculoskeletal injuries secondary to golf. Most injuries occur in the upper limb and the lumbar spine. This review describes musculoskeletal pathologies seen in golfers with respect to anatomic area and golf swing biomechanics, while summarizing effective prevention strategies and swing modifications to address these potential injuries.

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Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injury in professional and amateur golfers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Williamson,

Kay,

Robinson

et al. 2024

Br J Sports Med

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ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal injury in amateur and professional golfers, and to identify common injury sites and factors associated with increased injury frequency.DesignSystematic epidemiological review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed (Medline), Embase, the Cochrane Library and SPORTDiscus were searched in September 2023.Eligibility criteriaStudies published in the English language reporting the incidence or prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in golfers at all anatomical sites.Results20 studies (9221 golfers, 71.9% male, 28.1% female) were included, with mean age 46.8 years. Lifetime injury prevalence was significantly greater in professional golfers (73.5% (95% CI: 47.3% to 93.0%)) than amateur golfers (56.6% (95% CI: 47.4% to 65.5%); relative risk (RR)=1.50, p<0.001). Professional golfers had a significantly greater lifetime prevalence of hand and wrist (RR=3.33, p<0.001) and lower back injury (RR=3.05, p<0.001). Soft tissue injuries were most common, and diagnoses were typically non-specific. Injury frequency was not associated with age or sex. Two studies reported a greater injury risk in amateur golfers playing more than three and four rounds per week.ConclusionOver half of golfers are at risk of sustaining a musculoskeletal injury during their lifetime. Risks and patterns of injury differ between professional and amateur golfers, with professionals significantly more likely to develop lower back, and hand and wrist injuries. A recent international consensus statement on the reporting of injury and illness in golf should aid consistency in future research assessing the epidemiology of specific diagnoses, informing golf injury prevention and management strategies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023408738.

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Injuries associated with golf: A qualitative study

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Injury Profiles of Elite, Semielite, and Recreational Golfers, and Their Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review

Injury Profiles of Elite, Semielite, and Recreational Golfers, and Their Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review

Etiology and Prevention of Common Injuries in Golf

Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injury in professional and amateur golfers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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