Injection-site lesions: incidence, tissue histology, collagen concentration, and muscle tenderness in beef rounds.

George, M H; Morgan, J. B.; Glock, Robert D.; Tatum, J. D.; Schmidt, Gerald D.; Sofos, John N.; Cowman, G L; Smith, G. C.

doi:10.2527/1995.73123510x

Cited by 30 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Only a few number of case reports are present in the literature about fatty degeneration of single portion of muscles or groups of muscles in ruminants, most of which are assumed to be caused by denervation (Hartman and Shorland, 1957;Cook, 1963;Link et al, 1967;Beck et al, 1971;Marchello et al, 1971;George et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exogenous stimuli, such as pharmacological agents injected, may be applied to the bovine muscles with resulting increased connective and fat deposition (Beck et al, 1971;George et al, 1995). This condition is considered a 'pathologically induced lipid deposition' that according to Gutmann and Zelena (1962) expressed the concept that fat cells replace atrophied muscle tissue during the late stages of denervation atrophy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipomatous muscular ‘dystrophy’ of Piedmontese cattle

Biasibetti

Amedeo

Brugiapaglia

et al. 2012

Animal

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Lipomatous myopathy is a degenerative muscle pathology characterized by the substitution of muscle cells with adipose tissue, sporadically reported in cattle, pigs, and rarely in sheep, horses and dogs. This study investigated the pathology of this myopathy in 40 muscle samples collected from regularly slaughtered Piedmontese cattle living in Piedmont region (Italy). None of the animals showed clinical signs of muscular disease. Muscle specimens were submitted to histological and enzymatic investigations. Gross pathology revealed a different grade of infiltration of adipose tissue, involving multiple or single muscles. The most affected regions were the ventral abdomen and the shoulders, especially the cutaneous muscles and the muscles of the thoracic group. Morphological staining revealed an infiltration of adipose tissue varying in distribution and severity, changes in muscle fibre size and increased number of fibres with centrally located nuclei, suggesting muscle degeneration-regeneration. Necrosis and nonsuppurative inflammatory cells were also seen. Furthermore, proliferation of connective tissue and non-specific myopathic changes were present. Chemical and physical characteristics of the affected tissue were also evaluated. The authors discuss about the aetiopathogenesis and classification of this muscle disorder whose histological lesions were similar to those reported in human dystrophies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipomatous muscular ‘dystrophy’ of Piedmontese cattle

Biasibetti

Amedeo

Brugiapaglia

et al. 2012

Animal

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“…Histological sections from normal sirloin butt and outside round were estimated to consist of 2.4 and 4.1% connective tissue, respectively, compared to 19.4 and 27.2% connective tissue, respectively, for samples from the center of lesions in the same muscles (George et al 1996a). Warner-Bratzler shear values were significantly correlated with insoluble and soluble collagen concentrations (r = 0.67 and 0.50, respectively) in lesioned bottom round steaks (George et al 1995b).…”

Section: Shear Force Analysismentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Similarly, injection lesions of unknown origin significantly increased shear force values up to 7.62 cm from the lesion core for both bottom round steaks (George et al 1995b) and top sirloin steaks (George et al 1996b) obtained from US packing plants. Furthermore, mildly lesioned top sirloin steaks were more variable in tenderness within a steak and greater variation existed in tenderness among lesioned steaks compared to control steaks, based on both shear force values and sensory panel ratings (George et al 1996b).…”

Section: Shear Force Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tenderness of beef round muscles containing injection site lesions or bruises

Dubeski¹,

Aalhus²,

Donkersgoed³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Dubeski, P. L., Aalhus, J. L., Van Donkersgoed, J. and VanderKop, M. 2001. Tenderness of beef round muscles containing injection site lesions or bruises. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 441-450. The effect of injection site lesions on shear force was studied in three experiments using beef calves injected at 2 to 6 mo with common vaccines and antimicrobials used in Canada. Lesions produced by clostridial bacterins (Blacklegol ® 8, Covexin ® -8, Ultrabac ® 8), antimicrobials (Nuflor ® , Trivetrin™), or a four-way respiratory vaccine (Bovishield™ 4) increased (P ≤ 0.05) shear force values at the site of the lesion and at 2.5 cm from the lesion. The proportion of unacceptably tough meat cores (shear force > 4.6 kg) varied among injectables independent of lesion size. The proportion of unacceptably tough samples was significantly increased up to 7.5 and 12.5 cm from the lesion center for Trivetrin™ and Nuflor ® , respectively, but only at 0 and 2.5 cm from the lesion center for the bacterins and Bovishield™ 4. Mean lesion volume varied from 8.6 ± 0.8 cm 3 for Bovishield™ 4 to 90.2 ± 6.4 cm 3 for one of the clostridial bacterins. The present results suggest that smaller lesions, which may not be identified during meat processing, may have a greater impact on meat tenderness and variability than larger lesions that are removed during processing. Antemortem bruises in two muscles of the round did not appear to affect shear force.

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“…The NCBA-BQA (NCBA-BQA Feedlot Assessment 2009) program emphasises both cattle handling and proper injection methods to prevent damage to the meat. Injections in the muscle will damage the meat (George et al 1995). Meat packers have put increasing pressure on cattle feeders to improve their practices.…”

Section: Surveys Of Feedlot and Ranch Cattle Handlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock-handling assessments to improve the welfare of cattle, pigs and sheep

Grandin¹

2018

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract. Assessing animal welfare during handling for veterinary procedures or loading onto a truck is simpler than is assessing welfare in housing. The first step is preventing acts of abuse that everybody who is interested in animal welfare would want stopped. Acts of abuse include beating animals, poking sensitive areas, dragging downed animals, deliberate slamming of gates on animals or deliberate driving animals over the top of downed animals. The next step is to implement objective numerical scoring of animal handling. The outcome measures that should be used are percentage of animals that fall, strike fences or gates, vocalise during restraint, are miscaught in the head stanchion or are moved with electric goads. Repeating these measurements over a period of time will make it possible to determine whether practices are improving or deteriorating. Further improvements in handling can be obtained with stockmanship training. Physiological measures of stress such as cortisol, lactate or glucose are useful for assessing handling methods because handling is a short-term stressor.

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Injection-site lesions: incidence, tissue histology, collagen concentration, and muscle tenderness in beef rounds.

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

Lipomatous muscular ‘dystrophy’ of Piedmontese cattle

Lipomatous muscular ‘dystrophy’ of Piedmontese cattle

Tenderness of beef round muscles containing injection site lesions or bruises

Livestock-handling assessments to improve the welfare of cattle, pigs and sheep

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