Injection simulations of thick composite parts manufactured by the RTM process

Saouab, Abdelghani; Bréard, Joël; Lory, Pierre; Gardarein, B.; Bouquet, G.

doi:10.1016/s0266-3538(00)00126-3

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…A simulation procedure using a quasi-steady formulation based on the Finite Element/ Control Volume Method (FE/CVM) stands out as the most popular, in which the FEM is used to solve for the pressure field which is then used to compute resin flow rates and advance the flow front by filling empty control volumes at the boundary [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. This approach has an advantage that flow simulation can be carried out without re-meshing the resin-filled domain even though the flow front changes continually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Upper-and Lower-limits of Fill Time in Resin Transfer Mold Filling Simulation

Dai

Zhang²,

2004

Journal of Composite Materials

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The finite element/control volume method (FE/CVM) is widely used to simulate resin flow in resin transfer molding process. There exists the errors of varying degree in the fill time with the use of the approach. In this paper, the reasons leading to such errors are investigated. The conception of the up-and down-stream flow rates is introduced. An Unsaturated Flow Layer (UFL) technique to predict and track the movement of the free surface is presented, in which the downstream flow rate is used. The fill time obtained by the analytical solutions, the UFL technique and the traditional FE/CVM have been compared with each other. It is validated that the numerical fill time with the UFL technique and the traditional FE/CVM are the upper-and lower-limits of the analytical fill time respectively. The notable errors of numerical solutions obtained by the traditional FE/CVM and the UFL technique were both observed. A new Weighted Average Flux (WAF) approach is further proposed to eliminate the problem. A simple analytical formula for weighted factors is derived, through which the solution accuracy of the different numerical techniques are discussed. A variety of examples including 1-D, 2-D00, 2.5-D00 shell geometries and fully 3-D flows are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach. The results show that the WAF approach cannot give solutions in excellent agreement with the analytical solutions, but also can save the computer time, compared with traditional FE/CVM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Upper-and Lower-limits of Fill Time in Resin Transfer Mold Filling Simulation

Dai

Zhang²,

2004

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…These fluid assumptions also hold true for most resin infusion methods and form the basis for their corresponding numerical models, including RTM simulations. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Using finite element (FE) solvers, these models iterate Darcy's law for each FE volume by invoking pre-defined permeability and resin viscosity values and combining them with mass continuity to calculate the local fluid pressure gradient. Non isothermal cases have also been considered 4 where heat transfer and polymerisation exotherm were used to determine the local resin viscosity at finite intervals, which was in turn applied to Darcy's law.…”

Section: Review Of Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

A coupled structural and flow approach for numerical simulation of the light resin transfer moulding process. I: Model outline

Hutchinson

Schubel

Said

2014

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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The first part of this two-part study introduces an approach for a numerical model of the composite manufacturing method light resin transfer moulding. Discussion of process physics and relevant literature is used to develop a coupled finite element and infusion software simulation of both the structural and flow elements of the method, with the aim of producing an accurate and comprehensive model. This theoretical overview of the model acts as a precursor to the final part of the research where results are presented and verified and a wind energy case-study application will be demonstrated.

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“…Recent developments in structural, load-bearing aircraft components have raised the need for a complete characterisation of the permeability tensor. The diffi culties involved in measuring a three-dimensional (3D) permeability in a single measurement are in general avoided by measuring the in-plane and out-of-plane or transverse permeability K 3 separately, although a few references are available (Ahn et al , 1995;Saouab et al , 2001;Stöven et al , 2003) on measuring the 3D permeability tensor. Stöven et al (2003) performed 3D measurements on NCFs, which are presented in this chapter.…”

confidence: 99%

Permeability of non-crimp fabric preforms

Loendersloot

2011

Non-Crimp Fabric Composites

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Injection simulations of thick composite parts manufactured by the RTM process

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of Upper-and Lower-limits of Fill Time in Resin Transfer Mold Filling Simulation

Analysis of Upper-and Lower-limits of Fill Time in Resin Transfer Mold Filling Simulation

A coupled structural and flow approach for numerical simulation of the light resin transfer moulding process. I: Model outline

Permeability of non-crimp fabric preforms

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